Pelvis Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Components of bony pelvis
A
right and left pelvic bones, fusion of ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx
2
Q
midline of pelvic inlet
A
sacral promontory
3
Q
boundaries of pelvic outlet
A
pubis, ischial rami, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx
4
Q
pelvic inlet in females
A
wider, more circular
5
Q
pelvic inlet in males
A
narrow, heart-shaped
6
Q
sacrum in females
A
short, straight
7
Q
sacrum in males
A
long, prominent
8
Q
coccyx in females
A
straighter
9
Q
coccyx in males
A
curves ventrally
10
Q
sciatic notch in females
A
wide
11
Q
sciatic notch in males
A
narrow
12
Q
subpubic angle in females
A
broad, rounded, 80-85 degrees
13
Q
subpubic angle in males
A
deep, acute, 50-60 degrees
14
Q
pelvic wall muscles
A
piriformis, obturator internus
15
Q
components of pelvic floor
A
pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm
16
Q
purpose of pelvic diaphragm
A
thin sheets of muscle through which the urethra, vagina, and rectum pass
17
Q
muscles of pelvic diaphragm
A
levator ani, coccygeus
18
Q
components of levator ani
A
iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus
19
Q
purpose of levator ani
A
contract when abdominal pressure rises to support pelvic organs
20
Q
purpose of pubococcygeus
A
maintain urinary and fecal continence
21
Q
medial fibers of pubococcygeus
A
puborectalis
22
Q
action of puborectalis
A
forms a sling around the rectum to relax and contract the anorectal angle to control defecation, aids in voluntary control of micturition
23
Q
which muscles are injured during childbirth
A
pubococcygeus and puborectalis
24
Q
muscle injury during childbirth can result in
A
urinary and fecal incontinence
25
coccygeus location
deep to the sacrospinous ligament
26
coccygeus action
pulls the coccyx forward after defecation
27
4 regions of uterus
fundus, body, isthmus, cervix
28
area in which the uterine tubes connect to the uterus
fundus
29
normal position of uterus
anteverted/anteflexed
30
flexion
angle between uterine body and isthmus
31
version
angle between cervical canal and vagina
32
normal anatomical variation in position of uterus
retroverted/retroflexed
33
parts of broad ligament
mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium
34
ovarian vessels travel through this to reach ovary from abdominal aorta
suspensory ligament of ovary
35
vesicouterine pouch location
between bladder and uterus
36
rectouterine pouch of douglas location
between uterus and rectum
37
most inferior part of peritoneal cavity when supine
rectouterine pouch of douglas
38
male equivalent of rectouterine pouch
rectovesical pouch
39
retropubic space
subperitoneal space between the bladder filled with fatty areolar tissue
40
pubovesical ligaments travel from
travel from pubic bones to bladder
41
transverse cervical ligaments aka
cardinal ligaments
42
transverse cervical ligaments travel from
uterus to lateral pelvic wall
43
uterosacral ligaments travel from
uterus to sacrum
44
what causes bladder prolapse
damage to pubovesical ligaments
45
what causes uterine prolapse
damage to transverse cervical ligaments
46
what causes damage to the fascial ligaments
chronic cough, heavy lifting, multiparity, birth trauma, obesity
47
components of male reproductive tract
prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, testes
48
which elements of male reproductive tract are subperitoneal
prostate, seminal vesicle
49
which elements of male reproductive tract are closely associated with the urethra
prostate, seminal vesicle
50
the testes are attached to the seminal vesicle via the
vas deferens
51
course of the vas deferens
ascends from the scrotum in the spermatic cord, passes through the inguinal canal, and joins the ejaculatory ducts of the seminal vesicles
52
ejaculatory ducts location
embedded in the prostate
53
external spermatic fascia is derived from
external oblique aponeurosis
54
cremasteric fascia and muscle are derived from
internal oblique muscle
55
internal spermatic fascia is derived from
transversalis fascia
56
tunica vaginalis
pouch of peritoneum surrounding the testis with a visceral and parietal layer
57
descent of testis forms the
inguinal canal and spermatic cord
58
contents of spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics, vas deferens
59
deep inguinal ring is an opening in the
transversalis fascia
60
superficial inguinal ring is an opening in the
aponeurosis of external oblique
61
the urethra runs through the (male)
corpus spongiosum
62
muscle that provides propulsive force during ejaculation
bulbospongiosus
63
branches of internal iliac artery common to males and females
iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal (inferior rectal branch), umbilical, obturator, middle rectal
64
female branches of internal iliac artery
uterine, vaginal
65
male branches of internal iliac artery
vas deferens branch off umbilical artery
66
ovarian artery is a branch of
the aorta
67
ovarian artery anastomoses with the
uterine artery
68
major blood supply to perineum and external genitalia
internal pudendal artery
69
branches of internal pudendal artery
inferior rectal, perineal, posterior labial/scrotal, artery of the bulb, dorsal/deep arteries of the clitoris/penis
70
uterine artery crosses ___ to distal ureters
anterior
71
ductus deferens crosses ____ to ureters
anterior
72
lymphatic drainage from areas supplied by internal iliac artery
internal iliac nodes to common iliac nodes to lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes
73
lymphatic drainage from perineum and lower limb
superficial and deep inguinal nodes to external iliac nodes to common iliac nodes to lateral aortic nodes
74
lymphatic drainage from areas supplied directly by aorta
lateral aortic nodes to cisterna chylli to thoracic duct
75
innervation of skin and skeletal muscles of pelvis
ventral rami of lumbosacral (L2-L4) and coccygeal spinal nerves to lumbosacral and coccygeal plexuses
76
parasympathetic innervation of smooth muscle and glands of pelvic viscera
pelvic splanchnics (S2-S4)
77
sympathetic innervation of smooth muscle and glands of pelvic viscera
thoracic, lumbar, and sacral splanchnics (T10-T12, L1-L2)
78
afferent fibers of lower vagina and perineum
travel via the pudendal nerves to S2-S4
79
preganglionic sympathetic neurons for pelvic viscera and smooth muscle
T10-T12 (lesser and least splanchnics), L1-L2 (lumbar splanchnics)
80
postganglionic sympathetic neurons for pelvic viscera and smooth muscle
hypogastric plexus via the pelvic ganglia
81
Afferent fibers of intraperitoneal pelvic viscera travel (eg uterine contractions)
with lesser/least splanchnics and lumbar splanchnics
82
preganglionic parasympathetic neurons for pelvic viscera and smooth muscle
pelvic splanchnics
83
afferent fibers of subperitoneal pelvic viscera travel (eg cervical dilation)
with S2-S4 pelvic splanchnics
84
bulk of bladder wall is made up of
detrusor muscle
85
internal urethral sphincter consists of
smooth muscle cells extending from detrusor muscle
86
external urethral sphincter consists of
voluntary striated muscle fibers
87
external urethral sphincter location
level of pelvic floor
88
the _________nervous system predominates during bladder filling phase
sympathetic
89
preganglionic sympathetic nerves for micturition origin
L1-L2
90
preganglionic sympathetic nerves for micturition
lumbar and sacral splanchnics
91
where do preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerves for micturition synapse
inferior hypogastric plexus
92
postganglionic sympathetic nerves for micturition
hypogastric nerves
93
action of hypogastric nerves
contraction of internal urethral sphincter and relaxation of detrusor muscle
94
what regulates the micturition reflex
sensory stretch fibers in bladder wall and parasympathetic fibers located in pelvic splanchnics
95
location of micturition reflex
sacral spinal cord
96
first sensation for urge to void bladder occurs at what amount of urine
150 ml
97
sensation of bladder fullness occurs at what amount of urine
400-500 ml
98
how is sensory information about bladder fullness conveyed
via visceral afferent fibers associated with pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic)
99
inhibition of micturition reflex
efferent impulses from the brain inhibit the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in sacral spinal cord and continue to contract the external sphincter via the pudendal nerve
100
2 triangles of the perineum
urogenital triangle, anal triangle
101
pudendal nerve origin
S2-S4
102
pudendal nerve and artery supply
perineum
103
divisions of urogenital triangle
deep perineal pouch, superficial perineal pouch
104
what are the perineal pouches separated by
perineal membrane
105
what is the deep perineal pouch
a potential space between the pelvic diaphragm and the perineal membrane
106
what does the deep perineal pouch contain in males
part of urethra, external urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal muscle, bulbourethral glands
107
what does the deep perineal pouch contain in females
part of urethra, external urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal muscle, part of vagina, compressor urethrae, sphincter urethrovaginalis
108
perineal membrane function
provides support for external genitalia and pelvic organs
109
what is the superficial perineal pouch
a potential space between the perineal membrane and the perineal fascia
110
what does the superficial perineal pouch contain
the external genitalia
111
what is the perineal body
a central tendon into which pelvic floor and perineal muscles attach
112
perineal body location
midline of perineum
113
male sets of erectile tissue composing the penis
corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
114
female sets of erectile tissue
vestibular bulbs, crura of clitoris
115
thin skeletal muscles that cover the roots of the external genitalia
bulbospongiosum, ischiocavernosum, superficial transverse perineal muscles
116
bulbospongiosum in males
covers proximal corpus spongiosum (bulb of penis)
117
bulbospongiosum in females
covers vestibular bulbs
118
ischiocavernosum in males
covers proximal ends of corpora cavernosa (crus of penis)
119
ischiocavernosum in females
covers crus of clitoris
120
superficial transfer perineal muscles course
run transversely across posterior border of urogenital triangle from ischial tuberosity to insert into perineal body
121
what muscles insert onto perineal body
bulbospongiosum, external anal sphincter, superficial transverse perineal
122
male sympathetic action in ejaculation
contraction of smooth muscle of epidydimal ducts, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate
123
pudendal nerve origin
ventral rami of S2-S4
124
pudendal nerve action
sensory and motor to perineum
125
pudendal nerve course
exits greater sciatic foramen, passes over sacrospinous ligament, enters lesser sciatic foramen under sacrotuberous ligament to enter pudendal canal
126
pudendal canal aka
Alcock's canal
127
nerve block in vaginal deliveries
pudendal
128
method of giving pudendal nerve block
transvaginally or transperineally
129
location of pudendal nerve block
1 cm anterior and medial to ischial spine
130
pathway for contraction of detrusor muscle
visceral afferents running with pelvic splanchnics stimulate preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in sacral spinal cord
131
pathway for conscious desire to urinate
visceral afferents running with pelvic splanchnic nerves stimulate ascending pathways to brain
132
pathway for conscious urination
descending pathways from brain inhibit sympathetic output via hypogastric plexus to allow for relaxation of internal urethral sphincter and stimulate parasympathetics to contract detrusor muscle
133
pathway for voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter
descending signals from brain inhibit pudendal nerve activity
