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Clinical Morphology > Pelvic embryology > Flashcards

Pelvic embryology Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

definitive kidney

A

metanephros

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2
Q

where does pronephros develop

A

cervical region

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3
Q

where does mesonephros develop

A

thoracic and lumbar regions

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4
Q

2 parts of metanephros

A

excretory system, collecting system

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5
Q

collecting system of metanephros develops from

A

ureteric bud

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6
Q

ureteric bud sprouts from

A

mesonephric duct

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7
Q

excretory system of metanephros develops from

A

intermediate mesoderm surrounding ureteric bud forming metanephric blastema

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8
Q

components of collecting system

A

ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, collecting ducts

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9
Q

components of excretory system

A

nephrons

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10
Q

glomeruli

A

capillaries that grow into distal ends of nephrons

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11
Q

nephron

A

vesicle or tubule that produces urine the process of removing waste from blood

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12
Q

pelvic kidney

A

doesn’t extend cranially like it should

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13
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

inferior ends of kidneys fuse and drift up together until stopped by IMA

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14
Q

bifed/double ureter

A

ureteric bud bifurcates before metanephric blastema forms

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15
Q

ectopic kidney

A

crosses over to the other side during ascension

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16
Q

thoracic kidney

A

kidney ascends too far

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17
Q

multiple renal arteries

A

persistence of accessory renal arteries that usually degenerate

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18
Q

multiple renal arteries can lead to

A

renal ischemia

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19
Q

when are kidneys functional

A

12th week

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20
Q

oligohydramnios is a sign of

A

bilateral renal agenesis

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21
Q

potter sequence

A

oligohydramnios causing compression on the fetus by the uterus

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22
Q

Ssx of potter sequence

A

limb deformities, dry/wrinkly skin, facial anomalies, pulmonary hypoplasia

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23
Q

caudal end of hindgut

A

cloaca

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24
Q

urogenital sinus formation

A

urorectal septum (mesoderm) divides the hindgut into urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

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25
bladder and urethra are formed from
urogenital sinus
26
allantois
connects apex of bladder with umbilicus
27
allantois becomes
urachus
28
urachus becomes
medial umbilical ligament on posterior aspect of anterior abdominal wall
29
hindgut abnormalities occur when
the urorectal septum does not form correctly
30
urachal fistula, urachal cyst, urachal sinus caused by
persistence of a lumen in the urachus
31
urine coming out of the umbilicus is a sign of
urachal fistula
32
how are gonadal ridges formed
primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac to intermediate mesoderm medial to the mesonephros
33
the indifferent stage starts
week 6
34
mesonephric ducts aka
Wollfian ducts
35
mesonephric ducts become
epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles
36
paramesonephric ducts become
uterus, uterine tubes, upper vagina
37
male primitive sex cords become
testis cords
38
male primitive sex cords at the hilum become
rete testis
39
male mesonephric tubules become
efferent ducts
40
female primitive sex cords become
somatic support cells and then follicle cells
41
how are prostate and bulbourethral glands formed
bud off urethra
42
how are seminal vesicles formed
bud off mesonephric duct
43
how is trigone formed
lower end of mesonephric ducts are incorporated into bladder
44
how are uterus and upper vagina formed
caudal ends of paramesonephric ducts fuse
45
how are uterine tubes formed
they are the unfused paramesonephric ducts
46
uterine and vaginal anomalies result from
problems with the development of paramesonephric ducts
47
no fusion of paramesonephric ducts leads to
double uterus, double vagina
48
partial fusion of paramesonephric ducts leads to
double uterus, bicornate uterus
49
medial walls of paramesonephric ducts fail to resorb
septated uterus
50
incomplete development of one paramesonephric duct
unicornate uterus
51
paramesonephric ducts resorb too much
cervical atresia
52
what each embryo has during indifferent stage
genital tubercle, urogenital folds, labioscrotal swellings, anal folds
53
female genital tubercle becomes
clitoris
54
female urogenital folds become
labia minora
55
female labialscrotal swellings become
labia majora
56
male urogenital folds and genital turbercle
fuse and genital turbercle becomes shaft and glans of penis
57
male urogenital fold fusion forms
penile urethra
58
labioscrotal swellings form
scrotum
59
penile hypospadias
urogenital folds don't fuse completely
60
glands hypospadias
abnormal canalization of urethral plate within glans penis
61
epispadias
urethral orifice opens into the dorsal surface of the penis
62
epispadias is associated with
exstrophy of bladder
63
cryptorchidism
testis fails to descend after birth
64
processus vaginalis forms the
inguinal canal
65
processes vaginalis closes to become
tunica vaginalis
66
testicular torsion
twisting of spermatic cord crimping testicular artery
67
testicular hydrocele
fluid between parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis
68
many indirect inguinal hernias arise from
incomplete closure of processus vaginalis
69
female gubernaculum becomes
ligament of ovary and round ligament of uterus
70
round ligament of uterus extends into
labia majora
71
broad ligament of uterus formed when
peritoneal folds covering the paramesonephric ducts fuse

Clinical Morphology (18 decks)

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