Thoracic cavity Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
true ribs
A
1-7, attach via costal cartilage to sternum
2
Q
false ribs
A
8-10, attach via costal cartilage but not directly to sternum
3
Q
floating ribs
A
11-12, do not attach to sternum
4
Q
3 openings in diaphragm
A
aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, caval opening
5
Q
aortic hiatus level
A
T12
6
Q
aortic hiatus is formed by
A
right and left crura
7
Q
what passes through aortic hiatus
A
aorta, thoracic duct, and often azygos vein
8
Q
esophageal hiatus level
A
T10
9
Q
what passes through esophageal hiatus
A
esophagus and vagus nerves
10
Q
caval opening level
A
T8
11
Q
what passes through the caval opening
A
inferior vena cava and sometimes right phrenic nerve
12
Q
intercostal neurovascular bundle lies between
A
internal and innermost intercostal muscles
13
Q
intercostal veins drain into the
A
azygos vein
14
Q
azygos vein drains into the
A
inferior vena cava
15
Q
costomediastinal recess is located
A
between lungs and heart
16
Q
costodiaphragmatic recess is located
A
between lungs and diaphragm
17
Q
pleural effusion settles in
A
costodiaphragmatic recess
18
Q
what space allows for maximal lung expansion
A
costodiaphragmatic recess
19
Q
hilum
A
point of entry or exit for the bronchus and vascular structures passing in and out of the lung
20
Q
costal surface of parietal pleura innervation
A
intercostal nerves
21
Q
mediastinal and diaphragmatic surfaces of parietal pleura innervation
A
phrenic nerves
22
Q
visceral pleura innervated by
A
autonomic nervous system
23
Q
which side of the lung is more susceptible to aspiration
A
right
24
Q
what muscle contracts to constrict the airway
A
trachealis
25
contents of superior mediastinum
great vessels, trachea, esophagus, phrenic and vagus nerves
26
divisions of inferior mediastinum
anterior, middle, posterior
27
contents of anterior mediastinum
tissue, fat, remnants of thymus gland
28
contents of middle mediastinum
heart, roots of great vessels, phrenic nerves
29
contents of posterior mediastinum
descending aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct, esophagus, vagus nerves
30
pericardial sinuses formed by
visceral pericardium reflecting back to become parietal pericardium at roots of great vessels
31
function of triscupid and mitral valves
prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
32
semilunar valves
aortic, pulmonic
33
atrioventricular valves
mitral, tricuspid
34
cusps of pulmonary valve
anterior, left, right
35
cusps of aortic valve
posterior, left, right
36
sections of mitral valve
anterior, posterior
37
sections of tricuspid valve
anterior, septal, posterior
38
pulmonary trunk location
second intercostal space
39
apex of the heart location
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
40
most of the anterior surface of the heart is comprised of the
right ventricle
41
right atrium is located at
3rd costal cartilage near midline
42
sternal angle location
where the manubrium meets the sternum
43
structure at sternal angle
aortic arch, where trachea divides into primary bronchi
44
aortic listening point
2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
45
what can be heard at aortic listening point
murmur of aortic stenosis
46
pulmonic listening point
2nd intercostal space, left sternal border
47
what can be heard at pulmonic listening point
pulmonic murmurs, patent ductus arteriosus
48
erb's point
3rd intercostal space, left sternal border
49
what can be heard at erb's point
aortic regurgitation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
50
tricuspid listening point
5th intercostal space, left sternal border
51
what can be heard at tricuspid listening point
tricuspid murmurs, ventricular septal defect
52
mitral listening point
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
53
what can be heard at mitral listening point
mitral murmurs
54
intercostal NVB runs between which muscles
internal and innermost intercostals
55
intercostal veins drain into
azygos and internal thoracic veins
56
intercostal arteries branch off of
thoracic aorta and internal thoracic arteries
57
divisions of thoracic cavity
mediastinum and two pleural sacs
58
plane of sternal angle
horizontal line running from junction of manubrium and body of sternum posteriorly to lower border of T4
59
diaphragm arises from
margins of the thoracic outlet
60
division between superior and inferior mediastinum
plane of the sternal angle
61
lungs' only point of attachment in thoracic cavity
hilum
62
how much pleural fluid is in the pleural cavity
15 mL
63
location of thoracentesis
at or posterior to midaxillary line, 1-2 intercostal space below level of effusion but not below 8th intercostal space
64
the fibrous pericardium blends with
the adventitia of the roots of the great vessels and the central tendon of the diaphragm
65
epicardium is aka
visceral pericardium
66
transverse pericardial sinus location
posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk, anterior to superior vena cava
67
which sinus allows a surgeon to make a ligature between arteries and veins, stopping bloodflow
Transverse sinus
68
oblique sinus
behind the heart, surrounded by a reflection of serous pericardium around the right and left pulmonary veins
69
location of beginning of coronary arteries
in the aorta, adjacent to left and right cusps
70
what is the cardiac skeleton
4 interconnecting rings of dense fibrous connective tissue on a plane between atria and ventricles
71
purpose of cardiac skeleton
maintain integrity of valve openings, attachment point for cusps, separates atrial from ventricular musculature by acting as an electrical insulator
72
3 surfaces of the heart
sternoscotal (anterior), base (posterior), diaphragmatic (inferior)
73
anterior surface of the heart is covered by
sternum and 3-6 costal cartilages
74
enlarged left atrium can cause
dysphagia from compressing the esophagus or hoarseness from compression the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
75
coronary veins and arteries are located within
sulci
76
sulci locations
anterior and posterior (with interventricular septum) and coronary (between atria and ventricles)
77
posterior descending artery travels with the
middle cardiac vein
78
location of posterior descending artery
posterior interventricular sulcus
79
upper limit of the heart
R: 3rd costal cartilage, L: 2nd intercostal space at sternum
80
right margin of the heart
3rd costal cartilage to near 6th costal cartilage
81
left margin of the heart
2nd intercostal space to 5th intercostal space (midclavicular)
82
apex of heart located
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
83
lower margin of the heart
sternal right 6th costal cartilage to apex
84
trabeculae carnae
muscular ridges of myocardium in both ventricles
85
moderator band aka
septomarginal trabecula
86
moderator band
band of trabeculae carnae that forms a bridge between interventricular septum and right papillary muscle
87
moderator band function
provides pathway for purkinje fibers so that right AV valve closes slightly before left AV valve
88
papillary muscles
attach to chordae tendinae to and tense just before ventricular contraction to keep valves from everting into atria
89
pectinate muscles
ridges in muscular portion of atria (mostly right atrium)
90
sinus venarum
smooth portion of atria
91
crista terminalis
boundary between pectinate muscles and sinus venarum in atria
92
auricles contain
pectinate muscles
93
RA is supplied by
Posterior descending artery
94
posterior septum is supplied by
posterior descending artery
95
SA node is supplied by
SA nodal artery branching off RCA
96
AV node is supplied by
AV nodal artery branching off RCA
97
Right ventricle is supplied by
right marginal artery, PDA
98
Posterior descending artery aka
posterior interventricular artery
99
posterior descending artery supplies
RA, R/LV, posterior septum
100
branches of RCA
PDA, right marginal, SA nodal, AV nodal
101
right marginal artery supplies
RV
102
branches of left coronary artery
LAD, left marginal, left circumflex
103
LAD aka
anterior interventricular artery
104
LAD supplies
anterior septum, anterior LV, RV
105
left marginal supplies
LV
106
branch of circumflex
left marginal
107
circumflex artery supplies
posterior LV, LA
108
Left atrium is supplied by
circumflex artery
109
anterior left ventricle is supplied by
left anterior descending
110
posterior left ventricle is supplied by
circumflex artery
111
right dominance
posterior descending artery is a branch of RCA
112
left dominance
posterior descending artery is a branch of LCA
113
parasympathetic innervation of the heart
vagus nerve
114
sensory innervation of heart
afferent nerves travel back to T1-T4 spinal cord with sympathetics
115
sympathetic innervation of the heart
T1-T4 levels of sympathetic trunk
116
phrenic nerve innervates
diaphragm, fibrous pericardium, mediastinal pleura
117
C3-C5 dematomes
shoulder/neck
118
where are heart sounds best auscultated
where turbulent bloodflow radiates, distal to the valve
119
S1 produced by
closure of AV valves
120
S2 produced by
closure of semilunar valves
121
trachea begins at
inferior border of cricoid cartilage
122
how long is the trachea
12 cm
123
trachea is composed of
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
124
secondary bronchi aka
lobar bronchi
125
tertiary bronchi aka
segmental bronchi
126
bronchial arteries arise from
descending aorta
127
blood pathway into lungs
each branch of tracheobronchial tree is accompanied by a branch of the pulmonary artery
128
blood supply to lungs
bronchial arteries
129
impressions in medial right lung
esophageal, azygos
130
impressions in medial left lung
cardiac notch, aortic
131
visceral afferents of tracheobronchial tree
"from the Vagus"
