Upper Extremity Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Glenoid labrum is continuous with
A
The long head of the biceps and triceps tendons
2
Q
Muscles of the rotator cuff
A
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
3
Q
Muscles of shoulder external/lateral rotation
A
infraspinatus, teres minor
4
Q
Muscles of shoulder internal/medial rotation
A
subscapularis
5
Q
Muscles of arm abduction
A
supraspinatus, deltoid
6
Q
Muscles of arm adduction
A
teres major, coracobrachialis
7
Q
Muscles of scapula elevation
A
Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor/major, trapezius
8
Q
Muscles of scapula depression
A
Subclavius, pectoralis minor
9
Q
Muscles of scapula protraction
A
Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior
10
Q
Muscles of scapula retraction
A
Rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, trapezius, latissimus dorsi
11
Q
Muscles of scapula upward rotation
A
Trapezius, serratus anterior
12
Q
Muscles of scapula downward rotation
A
Latissimus dorsi
13
Q
Function of the posterior compartment of the arm
A
Extension
14
Q
“3” muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm
A
3 heads of the triceps brachii
15
Q
3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
A
Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
16
Q
Innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm
A
Radial nerve
17
Q
Innervation of anterior compartment of the arm
A
Musculocutaneous nerve
18
Q
Blood supply of posterior compartment of the arm
A
Deep brachial artery
19
Q
Blood supply of anterior compartment of the arm
A
Brachial artery
20
Q
Function of anterior compartment of arm
A
Flexion, supination
21
Q
Origin and insertion of biceps brachii (general)
A
Scapula, radius
22
Q
Origin and insertion of brachialis (general)
A
Humerus, ulna
23
Q
Origin and insertion of coracobrachialis (general)
A
Scapula, humerus
24
Q
Action of biceps brachii
A
Flexion, supination
25
Action of brachialis
Flexion
26
Action of coracobrachialis
Flexion, adduction
27
Muscles of pronation
Pronator teres, pronator quadratus
28
Superficial muscles of anterior forearm (lateral to medial)
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis
29
Superficial muscles of anterior forearm arise from
Medial epicondyle
30
Deep muscles of the anterior forearm
Pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundis
31
Most muscles of anterior forearm innervated by
median nerve
32
muscles of anterior forearm not innervated by median nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar side of flexor digitorum profundis
33
3 "wrist" muscles of posterior forearm
Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis
34
3 "fingers" muscles of posterior forearm
Extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis
35
3 "thumb" muscles of posterior forearm
Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
36
3 "other" muscles of posterior forearm
Anconeus, supinator, brachioradialis
37
All posterior forearm muscles innervated by
Radial nerve
38
Fibrous joints
synarthroses
39
Cartilaginous joints
amphiarthroses
40
Synovial joints
diarthroses
41
Extrinsic ligament
outside the articular capsule
42
Intrinsic ligament
fused with the articular capsule
43
subscapularis is innervated by
subscapular nerve
44
supraspinatus is innervated by
suprascapular nerve
45
infraspinatus is innervated by
suprascapular nerve
46
teres minor is innervated by
axillary nerve
47
deltoid is innervated by
axillary nerve
48
muscle most commonly involved in rotator cuff injury
supraspinatus
49
ligament leading to impingement of supraspinatus
coracoacromial
50
Grade 1 AC separation
slight tearing or stretching of AC joint
51
Grade 2 AC separation
Total tearing of AC joint, CA joint remains intact
52
Most common type of AC separation
Grade 1
53
Grade 3 AC separation
AC, CA, joint capsule completely torn with deformity
54
Movements at radiocarpal joint
Flexion, extension, radial/ulnar deviation of hand
55
Movements at radioulnar joints
Pronation, supination
56
Functions of muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flex wrist/digits, pronate hand, radial/ulnar deviation
57
Blood supply of anterior compartment of forearm
Branches of radial and ulnar arteries
58
Functions of muscles of posterior compartment of forearm
Extend wrist/digits, supinate hand, extend/abduct thumb
59
Blood supply of posterior compartment of forearm
Branches of radial and ulnar arteries
60
Movements at metacarpophalangeal joint
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of digits
61
Movements at interphalangeal joints
Flexion and extension of middle and distal phalanges
62
Superficial intrinsic muscles of the hand
thenar, hypothenar, lumbricals, adductor pollicis
63
Most intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by
ulnar nerve
64
These intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by the median nerve
thenar, lateral lumbricals
65
Deep intrinsic hand muscles
palmar interossei, dorsal interossei
66
Action of palmar interossei
adduction of fingers
67
Action of dorsal interossei
abduction of fingers
68
Blood supply to the hand
Palmar arches (branches of radial and ulnar arteries)
69
6 branches of axillary artery
Superior thoracic, Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex
70
Branch of sublclavian artery important for collateral circulation of shoulder
Thyrocervical trunk
71
3 branches of the thyrocervical trunk
Suprascapular, transverse cervical, dorsal scapular
72
Branch of subscapular artery important for collateral circulation of shoulder
Circumflex scapular artery
73
Terminal branches arising from roots (and which roots they arise from)
Dorsal scapular (C5), Long thoracic (C5-C7)
74
Terminal branches arising from trunks (and which trunks they arise from)
Suprascapular (upper trunk)
75
Terminal branches arising from lateral cord
Lateral pectoral, median, musculocutaneous
76
Terminal branches arising from medial cord
Medial pectoral, medial cutaneous arm, medial cutaneous forearm, median, ulnar
77
Terminal branches arising from posterior cord
Upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, axillary, radial
78
Sensory region of axillary nerve
lateral and posterior shoulder
79
Sensory region of radial nerve
anterolateral forearm, posterolateral arm and forearm, posterolateral hand
80
Sensory region of musculocutaneous nerve
lateral forearm
81
Sensory region of median nerve
anterolateral palm, posterolateral fingertips
82
Sensory region of medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
medial arm
83
Sensory region of medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
medial forearm
84
Sensory region of ulnar nerve
medial hand, posteromedial wrist
85
Median nerve runs with which structure
Brachial artery
86
What three structures run together in the medial aspect of the arm
median nerve, ulnar nerve, and brachial artery
87
Path of median nerve into forearm
cross elbow joint anteriorly, gives off a deep branch, enters hand through carpal tunnel
88
Deep branch of median nerve and where it begins
anterior interosseous nerve, forearm
89
Deep branch of the radial nerve and where it begins
posterior interosseous nerve, forearm
90
Injuries that can cause damage to axillary nerve
anterior dislocation of humerus, humeral surgical neck fracture
91
Injury that can cause damage to radial nerve
midshaft fracture of humerus
92
Injuries that commonly cause damage to median nerve
Epicondyle fracture, distal humerus fracture, carpal tunnel injuries
93
Branches of subclavian artery
Vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical
94
Dividing line between subclavian and axillary arteries
lateral border of the first rib
95
Branches of first part of axillary artery
Superior thoracic
96
Branches of second part of axillary artery
Thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic
97
Branches of third part of axillary artery
Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral
98
Branches of subscapular artery
Circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal
99
Dividing line between axillary artery and brachial artery
Inferior border of teres major
100
Dorsal scapular nerve supplies
rhomboids, levator scapulae
101
Long thoracic nerve supplies
serratus anterior
102
Suprascapular nerve supplies
supraspinatus, infraspinatus
103
Lateral pectoral nerve supplies
Pectoralis major
104
Upper/Lower subscapular nerves supply
Subscapularis
105
Thoracodorsal nerve supplies
Latissimus dorsi
106
Medial pectoral nerve supplies
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
107
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm supplies
Sensation to medial arm
108
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies
Sensation to medial forearm
109
Musculocutaneous nerve ends as the
Lateral cutaneous nerve
110
Musculocutaneous nerve supplies
Anterior compartment of arm
111
Median nerve branches in forearm
Anterior interosseous nerve, palmar cutaneous nerve
112
Terminal branches of the ulnar nerve
Deep and superficial branches in hand
113
Axillary nerve innervates
Deltoid and teres minor
114
After penetrating ____ muscle, the radial nerve becomes the ________ nerve.
Supinator, posterior interosseous
115
Erb's Palsy affects which roots
C5-C6
116
Causes of Erb's Palsy
Birth injury, fall onto shoulder
117
Motor deficits associated with anterior interosseous syndrome
Can't make OK sign, weakness of pronation and thumb flexion, loss of flexion at DIP joint of index and middle fingers
118
Injury causing anterior interosseous syndrome
Midshaft forearm fracture
119
Deformity of Erb's Palsy
Arm hanging by side, internally rotated, adducted. Forearm extended and hand pronated
120
Disability of Erb's Palsy
Cannot abduct or laterally rotate arm, no flexion or supination, sensory deficit over shoulder
121
Nerves affected by Erb's Palsy
Musculocutaneous, axillary, suprascapular
122
Roots affected by Klumpke's Palsy
C8, T1
123
Causes of Klumpke's Palsy
Birth injury, over abduction of arm
124
Nerve affected by Klumpke's Palsy
Ulnar
125
Deformity of Klumpke's Palsy
Ulnar claw (hyperextension of MP joints and flexion of IP joints)
126
Disability of Klumpke's Palsy
Loss of intrinsic hand muscles and ulnar flexors of wrist and fingers
127
Collateral circulation to the shoulder is provided by
Dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular, suprascapular, transverse cervical
128
Collateral circulation to the elbow is provided by
Ulnar collateral and radial collateral arteries, deep brachial artery
129
Collateral circulation to wrist/hand is provided by
Deep and superficial palmar arches
130
Test for infraspinatus and teres minor
External rotation
131
Test for subscapularis
Internal rotation, liftoff test
132
Test for supraspinatus impingement
Neer's Sign
133
Test for rotator cuff pathology
Drop arm test
134
Test for impingement
Hawkin's Test
135
Test for biceps tendinitis
Speed's Test
136
Test for glenohumeral joint stability
Apprehension test
137
Test for supraspinatus strength
Empty can test
