Cardiovascular Flashcards
What are the three types of blood vessels and what is thier funtion?
ARTERIES- carry blood Away from the heart
VEINS- carry blood back towards the heart
CAPPILARIES- connect arteries and veins
What is the Tunica EXTERNA layer ?
- this is the outermost layer
- made up of conncetive tisssue and is surrounded by elastic lamina
- they are ofton thicker than veins to help prevent collapse and protect from damage
What is the tunica MEDIA composed of ?
- made up of smooth muscle, elastic and connective tissue which then circulate around the vessel
What is the thinnest layer of the arties and veins?
- the tunica INTIMA is the inner layer and also the thinnest.
- it is a single layer of endothlial cells
What is the diffrence between Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors?
- Chemorecptors detect the concentration of oxegon in the blood whereas barorecptors detect changes in the blood pressure and are found in the aortic and cartoid bodies.
What is the definition of Vasoconstriction?
- Vasoconsriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, typically when the muscles off blood vessel walls become constricted, causing the vessel lumen to become smaller
What can cause vasoreconstriction?
it can be a reaction to;
- cold
- stress
- smoking
- medications
What is the process of blood in the cardiovascular system?
- blood exists the heart via the arteries
- oxegon and nutrients leave the body diffusing across capilary walls and carbon dioxide and wastes move from the tissue to the blood stream
- as oxegon difficient blood leaves the capialries it flows into veins which retuen it to the heart
- then, returning blood flows from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxegon before returning to the heart to be pumped through the body
What are some of the compositions of the blood?
- is the bodies only fluid tissue
- specilised connective tissue
- formed elements incluse erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes
Whar are some of the chararistics of the blood?
- blood is dencer than water largely because it contains formed elements
- slightly alkaline with a PH between 7.35 and 7.45
- blood accounts of 8% of body weight
- blood volume for a normal adult is 4-6 litres
- sticky opaqe fluid
What are the main funtions of blood?
- distribution= delivers oxegon from lungs and nutrients to all body cells
- Regulation= maintaning body temp by absorbing and distributing through the body, maitaning normal PH
- Protection=preventing blood loss by coagualtion
What are the Erythrocytes and what is thier main chararistic?
- red blood cells that are responible for the transporation of gases and nutrients through the body
- they are made up of 97% haemoglobin which makes them dak
- small in size and shape which provides a huge surface area for the carriage and exchange of gasses
- because they have no mitrondria they do not consume \ny of the oxegon they carry
What is anemia?
- Anemia is a problem of not having enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxegon to the bodies tissues.
What are the three types of anemia?
- Haemorragic anemia- result of acute or chronic blood loss
- Haemoytic anemia- prematurly reptured erythrocystes
- Aplastic anemia- desruction of red bone marrow
What is the funtions of leucocytes?
- they are crutial to fight agaist disease and infection
- immunity
- allergies