respiritory Flashcards
What are the main roles of the repirory system?
- deliver oxegon to the body
- exrete carbon dioxide from the body. by doing this it helps maintain the PH of the blood
- sound production
- protection from dust/microbes and the line of defence
what are the key componenets of the negative feedback mechanisms?
- the chemoreceptors- receptor
- the respiritory centre- control centre
- the diaphram/lungs- effector
What is the process of breathing in steps?
1- pulmonary ventilation
2- air moves into the lungs
3- inspiartion moves air into the lungs from
4- expertaion moves air from the lungs into
What iis the main diffrence between the central chemoreceptrs and periphral chemorectors?
- central modulate respitation based on chnages in the CO2 detected in the brain, wheras the periphral act faster by sensing changes in the periphry.
What are the three control centres of breathing within the brain?
-dorsal respiritory group- inhilation and stimulates the diaphram
-Venteral respiritory centre- stimulates the intercoastal muscles and abdominal muscles
-Pontine respitory group- invloved in switchiong between inhilation and expiartion- breathing pattern
What is the process of Hyperventilation?
- hyperventilation is an increase in the rate and depth of bretahing that exeeds the bodies need to remove CO2
- the quicker we breath the less CO2 present in the blood and low carbon dioxide levels can constrict the periphral blood vessels
- this can reduce brain perfusion which results in fainting and muscle spasms
- when this happens the PH of the blood rises and calcuim levels reduce
What is the anatomy of the upper airway?
- air enters from the naries(nostrils) into the nasal cavity. it is filtered by the pollutants by hairs in the nasal cavity
- this process warms the hairs in order to match body temp before it reaches the alveoli
- air can also entyer via the oral cavity where it meets the toncils. The toncils protect the airway from infection
- the uvela helps secrete saliva which helps moisten the air before it passes doen the airway
how is the Brocas area invloved in speech?
- it devises a plan for speaking and passes that plan along to the motor cortex, which controls the movment of the mouth
- it is able to coordinate the intraicate movments of both your mouth, tounge and voicebox to create sound
what is the funtion of the Wernickes area?
- it is invloved in speech comprehension, understanding and learning.
What does the Angular gyrus do in speech?
- it is invloved in accociated words to memories, speech and ideas
What are the two main types of pnemocytes in the alveoli?
- Type 1 Pnuemocytes are the true alvolar cells that line the surface of the alveoli. these are thin and allow gas exchnage
- Type 2 pnuemocytes are cells with secrete a fluid called surfacant( hydates the alveolar tissue and prevents tissues sticking together and reduces suface tention)
What is the main funtions of the Diaphram?
- acts as a wall to seperate the thoratic and abdominal cavities
- its main role is to decend and create negative pressure
How is negtaive pressure created in the lower airway?
- when the disphram decends it creates negative pressure within the thoratic cavity
- this allows atmospheric gas to pass into the lungs
- to exhale, the contraction of the diaphram creates postive pressure to overcome atsmopheric pressure to move air out
- the mismatch of pressure at high altitides is attributed to sicknness