respiritory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main roles of the repirory system?

A
  • deliver oxegon to the body
  • exrete carbon dioxide from the body. by doing this it helps maintain the PH of the blood
  • sound production
  • protection from dust/microbes and the line of defence
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2
Q

what are the key componenets of the negative feedback mechanisms?

A
  • the chemoreceptors- receptor
  • the respiritory centre- control centre
  • the diaphram/lungs- effector
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3
Q

What is the process of breathing in steps?

A

1- pulmonary ventilation
2- air moves into the lungs
3- inspiartion moves air into the lungs from
4- expertaion moves air from the lungs into

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4
Q

What iis the main diffrence between the central chemoreceptrs and periphral chemorectors?

A
  • central modulate respitation based on chnages in the CO2 detected in the brain, wheras the periphral act faster by sensing changes in the periphry.
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5
Q

What are the three control centres of breathing within the brain?

A

-dorsal respiritory group- inhilation and stimulates the diaphram
-Venteral respiritory centre- stimulates the intercoastal muscles and abdominal muscles
-Pontine respitory group- invloved in switchiong between inhilation and expiartion- breathing pattern

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6
Q

What is the process of Hyperventilation?

A
  • hyperventilation is an increase in the rate and depth of bretahing that exeeds the bodies need to remove CO2
  • the quicker we breath the less CO2 present in the blood and low carbon dioxide levels can constrict the periphral blood vessels
  • this can reduce brain perfusion which results in fainting and muscle spasms
  • when this happens the PH of the blood rises and calcuim levels reduce
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7
Q

What is the anatomy of the upper airway?

A
  • air enters from the naries(nostrils) into the nasal cavity. it is filtered by the pollutants by hairs in the nasal cavity
  • this process warms the hairs in order to match body temp before it reaches the alveoli
  • air can also entyer via the oral cavity where it meets the toncils. The toncils protect the airway from infection
  • the uvela helps secrete saliva which helps moisten the air before it passes doen the airway
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8
Q

how is the Brocas area invloved in speech?

A
  • it devises a plan for speaking and passes that plan along to the motor cortex, which controls the movment of the mouth
  • it is able to coordinate the intraicate movments of both your mouth, tounge and voicebox to create sound
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9
Q

what is the funtion of the Wernickes area?

A
  • it is invloved in speech comprehension, understanding and learning.
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10
Q

What does the Angular gyrus do in speech?

A
  • it is invloved in accociated words to memories, speech and ideas
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11
Q

What are the two main types of pnemocytes in the alveoli?

A
  • Type 1 Pnuemocytes are the true alvolar cells that line the surface of the alveoli. these are thin and allow gas exchnage
  • Type 2 pnuemocytes are cells with secrete a fluid called surfacant( hydates the alveolar tissue and prevents tissues sticking together and reduces suface tention)
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12
Q

What is the main funtions of the Diaphram?

A
  • acts as a wall to seperate the thoratic and abdominal cavities
  • its main role is to decend and create negative pressure
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13
Q

How is negtaive pressure created in the lower airway?

A
  • when the disphram decends it creates negative pressure within the thoratic cavity
  • this allows atmospheric gas to pass into the lungs
  • to exhale, the contraction of the diaphram creates postive pressure to overcome atsmopheric pressure to move air out
  • the mismatch of pressure at high altitides is attributed to sicknness
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