Renal

Question 1

What are the three regions within the kidney?

Answer 1

• the renal cortex= outer part of the kidney. is a reddish colour due to the capilaries
• the inner medulla= lighter in colour and contains the tubules of the nephron
• the renal pelvis= this extends to become the ureter

Question 2

What is the process of the renal system?

Answer 2

• blood enters the kidneys from the abdomen and branches to the lef and right renal artery
• blood is cleansed by passing through nephrons( tiny blood filters)
• waste material passes through the ureter and is stored in the bladder as urine
• when the bladder becomes full, urine passes out of the bladder through the urter
• from this, newly cleansed blood returns to the bloodstream through renal veins

Question 3

What are the key funtions of the renal system?

Answer 3

• kidnyes cleans the blood
• kidneys filter fluid from the bloodstream
• excrete toxins and metabolic waste
• kidneys produce erythropoietin and renin

Question 4

What are the 4 funtions of the Nephrons?

Answer 4

• consists of glomerulus( filtering unit) and is a network of capilaries brining blood in from the renal artery
• this network of capilaries is surrounded by the glomerus capsule
• fluid passes from the blood vessel of the glomerulus into the capsule and down the tubule

Question 5

What are the 4 processes invloved in urine formation?

Answer 5

• Glomerular filteration- which is the rate at which glomerulus will filter blood stays relativly constant
• Tubular reabsorbtion- reabsorbtion occurs here. 65% water and soduimions are reabsorbed
• Tubular secretions- this is the oppisite of tubular reabsorbtion and substanses move from the blood vessels into the tubular fluid
• urine concentartiom

Question 6

what is angiotensin and what does it do ?

Answer 6

• angiotensin is an important hormone that helps regualte your blood pressure by increasing it. its a part of a complex system of hormones, enxymes and protiens called the renin angiostein/ aldosterone system

Question 7

How does the angiotensin/ aldosterone system(RAAS) work?

Answer 7

• if the kidneys detect low blood pressure it triggers secretion of renin and this then converts into angiotenin I. and when this altered hormone reaches the lungs it is converted into angiotensin II.

Question 8

What are the diffrent effects of angiotenin II?

Answer 8

• constricts blood vessels
• stimulates thirst
• promotes the release of aldosterone by the adrenal gland and increases tubular reabsobtion of sodium

Question 9

How does the kidney control low blood pressure and with what hormone?

Answer 9

• antidiuretic(ADH) which is released by the pitary gland in the pressnce of angiotensisn II and thisb direcly increases tubular reabsobtion of water

Question 10

How does the kidneys control high blood pressure and with what hormone?

Answer 10

• atrial nautiuetic peptide(ANP) is released by the muscle in the heart and this happens when the heart muscles are overstreched because of circulatory overloud. ANP blocks the reabsobrion of soduim and stops the water reabsobtion by reducing the amount of renin and aldosterone in the blood.