Reproductive system Flashcards
what are the main funtions of the male reproductive system?
- the testes produce sperm and the male sex hormone testostrone
- the ducts transport, store and assist in maturation( norishment of sperm)
- the penis contains the ureta, a passagway for ejaculation of semen and sectrion of urine
What are the 3 funtions of testosterone?
- devlopment and funtion of the reproductive organs
- develops sexual behaviours and drives
- enlargens the larnx and deepens the voice and increases hair growth
What are the 4 main organs of the male reproductive system and an exmaple?
- the testes( seminiferous tubule)
- duct systems( ductus defrens)
- accesory sex glands( prostate)
- supporting structures( scrotum)
What are some of the chararistics of the testis?
- each testi is surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue called the tunica albuginea and these produce testosterone
- the seminferous tubules empty sperm into the rete testis
- the sperm then moves into the epidymis which is the first part of the duct system
what are the three sections of the uretha?
- prostate
- intermediate
- spongy
what is spermatogenesis?
- this is the creation of sperm which occurs in the semiferous tubules which contain sperm stem cells and sperm helper cells also known as sertoili cells.
What are the 4 diffrent hormones in the reproductive system?
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone- which stimulates the anterior pitary gland to release the FSH and LH
Follicle stimulating hormone- promotes spermatogenis
Leutinizizing hormone- causes secretion of testosterone and other androgens
testosterone- high levels inhibit APG
what are the three layers of the uterus?
perimetrium- outer layer
Myometrium- middle layer
Endometrium- inner layer
what is the process of fertilisation?
- sperm travels up the fallopian tubes , allowing fusion of genetic material
- fusion of the sperm and egg nuculi forms a zygote
- zygote undegoes rapid cell division, forming a blastocyst
- blastocyst travels from the fallopian tubes towards the uterues and attach to the uterues lining
- HCG is released and rises sharply 8 days after conception
- progesterone maintains the uterues lining for emboyo implantation
What are the three trimesters of pregancy?
0- 12 weeks is the first
13- 27 weeks is the second
27- 40 weeks is the third
What happens in the first trimester of pregancy?
- all foetal body systems and organs begin to form
- hormonal chnages trigger fatigue, nausea and vomiting( hyperemesis gravida) and mood swings
- mothers blood volume begins to increase to adress a high metabolic demand around 45%
What changes happen in the second trimester of pregancy?
- skin changes occur( linea nigra)
- appitite increase
- placenta is fully funtinal, providing 02 and nutrients whilst removing waste from foetus
what changes happens in the last trimester of pregancy?
- the uterues reaches its maximum size
- braxton hicks contrations
- retention of water
- lung maturation of baby
what are the 4 physiological changes within pregancy?
- hormonal fluctuations, elevated levels of hormones
- cardiovascular changes, increased blood volume and cardiac output
- respirtory ajustmens, increased oxegon consumtion
- renal and urinary alterations, increased glomerur filteration rate to eliminate waste products from both mother and baby.
what role does oxytocin play in labour?
- oxytocin plays a role in labour and stimulates uterine contractions and enhances the cervix responsivness to other hormones and promotes the milk ejection reflex during breastfeeding
- oxytocin is released by the pitary gland
- the increase in oxytocin signals the initation of labour
