Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main funtions of the male reproductive system?

A
  • the testes produce sperm and the male sex hormone testostrone
  • the ducts transport, store and assist in maturation( norishment of sperm)
  • the penis contains the ureta, a passagway for ejaculation of semen and sectrion of urine
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2
Q

What are the 3 funtions of testosterone?

A
  • devlopment and funtion of the reproductive organs
  • develops sexual behaviours and drives
  • enlargens the larnx and deepens the voice and increases hair growth
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3
Q

What are the 4 main organs of the male reproductive system and an exmaple?

A
  • the testes( seminiferous tubule)
  • duct systems( ductus defrens)
  • accesory sex glands( prostate)
  • supporting structures( scrotum)
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4
Q

What are some of the chararistics of the testis?

A
  • each testi is surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue called the tunica albuginea and these produce testosterone
  • the seminferous tubules empty sperm into the rete testis
  • the sperm then moves into the epidymis which is the first part of the duct system
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5
Q

what are the three sections of the uretha?

A
  • prostate
  • intermediate
  • spongy
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6
Q

what is spermatogenesis?

A
  • this is the creation of sperm which occurs in the semiferous tubules which contain sperm stem cells and sperm helper cells also known as sertoili cells.
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7
Q

What are the 4 diffrent hormones in the reproductive system?

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone- which stimulates the anterior pitary gland to release the FSH and LH
Follicle stimulating hormone- promotes spermatogenis
Leutinizizing hormone- causes secretion of testosterone and other androgens
testosterone- high levels inhibit APG

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8
Q

what are the three layers of the uterus?

A

perimetrium- outer layer
Myometrium- middle layer
Endometrium- inner layer

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9
Q

what is the process of fertilisation?

A
  • sperm travels up the fallopian tubes , allowing fusion of genetic material
  • fusion of the sperm and egg nuculi forms a zygote
  • zygote undegoes rapid cell division, forming a blastocyst
  • blastocyst travels from the fallopian tubes towards the uterues and attach to the uterues lining
  • HCG is released and rises sharply 8 days after conception
  • progesterone maintains the uterues lining for emboyo implantation
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10
Q

What are the three trimesters of pregancy?

A

0- 12 weeks is the first
13- 27 weeks is the second
27- 40 weeks is the third

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11
Q

What happens in the first trimester of pregancy?

A
  • all foetal body systems and organs begin to form
  • hormonal chnages trigger fatigue, nausea and vomiting( hyperemesis gravida) and mood swings
  • mothers blood volume begins to increase to adress a high metabolic demand around 45%
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12
Q

What changes happen in the second trimester of pregancy?

A
  • skin changes occur( linea nigra)
  • appitite increase
  • placenta is fully funtinal, providing 02 and nutrients whilst removing waste from foetus
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13
Q

what changes happens in the last trimester of pregancy?

A
  • the uterues reaches its maximum size
  • braxton hicks contrations
  • retention of water
  • lung maturation of baby
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14
Q

what are the 4 physiological changes within pregancy?

A
  • hormonal fluctuations, elevated levels of hormones
  • cardiovascular changes, increased blood volume and cardiac output
  • respirtory ajustmens, increased oxegon consumtion
  • renal and urinary alterations, increased glomerur filteration rate to eliminate waste products from both mother and baby.
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15
Q

what role does oxytocin play in labour?

A
  • oxytocin plays a role in labour and stimulates uterine contractions and enhances the cervix responsivness to other hormones and promotes the milk ejection reflex during breastfeeding
  • oxytocin is released by the pitary gland
  • the increase in oxytocin signals the initation of labour
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16
Q

What is the main purpose of the placenta?

A
  • the placenta is highly vascular amd this provides
    nutrients and oxegon to the embroyo
    waste disposal(co2)
    immunity barrier
    hormone production and growth factors
17
Q

What are the 2 layers of the amnoitic sac called?

A
  • Amnion
  • Chorion
18
Q

what is the amnoitic fluid formed of?

A
  • maternal blood and foetal urine
19
Q

what are the 4 main roles of the amnitoic fluid?

A
  • protection
  • tempreture regulation
  • lung development and preventing adhesions of the foetus to the sac or uterine wall
  • faciliate foetal movments