Cardiovascular Pathology IV

Question 1

What parts of the heart does an hemangiosarcoma effect?

hemangiosarcoma= neoplasm originates from endothelium (blood vessels)

Answer 1

The right auricle and atrium

Question 2

What is the most common primary cardiac tumour of dogs?

Answer 2

Hemangiosarcoma

Question 3

What can occur if a hemagiosarcoma ruptures?

Answer 3

can cause cardiac tamponade

Question 4

Where is a paraganglioma usually situated?

Answer 4

between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

Question 5

What is an aortic body?

Answer 5

chemoreceptor organ, it senses changes in blood CO2 content

Question 6

What is the adventitia?

Answer 6

Tunica externa or the outermost layer of the vessels

Question 7

What three things make up Virchows triad/ Thrombosis?

Answer 7

1. Endothelial injury
2. Abnormal blood flow/ Stasis
3. Hypercoagulability

Question 8

Name two toxins that have an affect on vessels

Answer 8

1. Ergot Fungi
2. Fescue grass

Question 9

What are the symptoms of ‘fescue foot’ in cattle?

Answer 9

Necrosis and gangrene of the lower extremities
this is exacerbated by cold weather

Question 10

What is fibrinoid necrosis?

Answer 10

Necrosis associated with endothelial damage
characterised by an accumulation of serum proteins

Question 11

What is arteriosclerosis?

Answer 11

‘hardening of the arteries’ and loss of elasticity
common in domestic animals

Question 12

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 12

a sub-type of arteriosclerosis defined by atheromas (Fibrofatty plaques)
* rare in domestic animals

Question 13

What are some common aetiologies of arteriosclerosis?

Answer 13

• Calcinogenic plants
• Vitamin D toxicosis
• Metastatic mineralisation

Question 14

Where does medial hypertrophy usually take place?

Answer 14

Usually occurs within pulmonary arteries as a response to hypoxia

Question 15

What is a hemangiosarcoma?

Answer 15

malignant tumour of endothelial cells

Question 16

What is the most common heart base tumour of dogs?

Answer 16

Paranglioma

Question 17

What is the most common metastatic tumour in dogs and cows?

Answer 17

Lymphoma

Question 18

What are lines of zahn?

Answer 18

alternating layers of platelets/ fibrin and erythrocyte-rich layers

Question 19

What does an acute thrombi look like?

Answer 19

• Dull red surface
• adheres lightly to the endothelium

Question 20

What is the histology of thrombi?

Answer 20

• Poorly organised fibrillar pale eosinophillic material within vessels
• admixed with leukocytes
• variable amounts of endothelial hypertrophy

Question 21

What does chronic thrombosis look like?

Answer 21

alternating layers of fibrin, platelets and erythrocytes
* recanalisation/ remodelling of the vessel
* endothelial reactivity

Question 22

What is the most common heart base tumour?

Answer 22

Paraganglioma

brachycephalic breeds are most affected

Question 23

What are the lines of zahn?

Answer 23

Alternating layers of fibrin/ platelets and erythrocyte-rich layers

Question 24

What is the histology of chronic fibrosis?

Answer 24

• Alternating layers of platelets, fibrin, and erythrocytes
• recanalisation and remodelling of the vessel

Question 25

What is present in atherosclerosis?

Answer 25

• Presence of lipids, associated with low-density lipoproteins