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ABCP > Cartilage and bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of cartilage?

A

Semi-rigid and strong but slightly flexible
Withstands compression forces such as weight-bearing but can also bent
It has a major role during development and growth of long bones
Avascular

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2
Q

What is meant by avscular?

A

little or no blood vessels

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3
Q

What is the significance of blood vessels being avascular?

A

The cells in the cartilage have to get their oxygen and nutrients by long range diffusion

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4
Q

What are the cells of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

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5
Q

What do chondrocytes originate as?

A

Develop from chondroblasts

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6
Q

What is the role of chondrocytes?

A

Produce the extracellular matirx

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7
Q

Where are chondrocytes located

A

Within matrix enclosed compartments (lacunae)

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8
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartliage

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9
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Articular surfaces of bones
Trachea and bronchus
Costal cartilages
Nasal cavity & nose

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10
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Pinna of external ear

Epiglottis

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11
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Tendon insertions
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs
Articular menisici

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12
Q

What does the matrix of hyaline cartilage comprise of?

A

Collagen type II fibres embedded in a firm hydrated gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins

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13
Q

What does elastic cartilage have in abundance?

A

elastic fibres

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14
Q

What is fibrocarttilage?

A

Intermediate between dense irregular CT and hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

Describe the arrangements of chondrocytes

A

Arranged in straight rows separated by collagen type 1 fibres

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16
Q

What is the role of fibrocartilage?

A

Combines tensile strength with shock absorption and resists compression

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17
Q

What is the role of bone?

A 
Protects internal organs 
Stores and releases fat
Produces blood cells 
Stores and releases minerals 
Facilitates Movement
Supports the body
18
Q

What does the bone matrix consist of?

A

Collagen type I - 95% of organic matrix

19
Q

How does the matrix harden?

A

The binding of calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals which surround fibres

20
Q

What are the three types of bone cells?

A

Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

21
Q

What is the role of osteoblasts?

A

Form bone matrix and respnsible for the production of the ECM

22
Q

What is the role of osteocytes?

A

Maintain bone matrix

Principle bone cell of the adult skeleton

23
Q

What is the role of osteoclasts?

A

Resorb bone caused by releasing enzymes

24
Q

What is an osteoid?

A

The unmineralised component of bone

25
Q

Where are osteoblasts located?

A

Exclusively located at the surfaces of bone tissue

26
Q

How do osteoblasts become osteocytes?

A

Gradually surrounded by matrix and become trapped in matrix

27
Q

Where do osteoblasts originate?

A

Develop form an osteoprogenitor cell

28
Q

Where are osteocytes found?

A

lacunae

29
Q

How do lucanae connect to each other?

A

Through small channels called canaliculi

30
Q

What does the canaliculi allow?

A

Allows the flow of nutrients and oxygen through the matrix

31
Q

Where do osteoclasts derive from?

A

The monocyte phagocyte line

32
Q

Describe the shape of osteoclasts

A

Very large, motile cells
multinucleate
highly folded forming a ruffled border

33
Q

Where are the osteoclasts located?

A

Sit on bone surface often in depression called howships lacunae

34
Q

What are the two types of bones?

A

Compact (cotical)

spongy (trabecular/cancellous)

35
Q

What does compact bone comprise of?

A

Collagen fibres arranged in concentric lamellae around and canal containing blood vessels and nerves (osteon/haversion system)

36
Q

What does spongy bone comprise of?

A

Bone organised into plates of bone called trabeculae/spicules
Lamellae in trabeculae are arranged concentrically- however there is no central canal
Osteocytes- that sit in lacunae between lamellae
Trabeculae sit adjacent to red marrow spaces

37
Q

What is periosteum?

A

Dense irregular CT cover outer surface of bone

Contains osteoprogenitor cells

38
Q

How does periosteum bind ot bone?

A

Through bundles of collagen fibres penetrating the bone matrix

39
Q

What is endosteum?

A

single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and a very small amount of CT

40
Q

What is the main function of periosteum or endosteum?

A

Provide nutrients to bone tissue and provision of new bone cells

ABCP (28 decks)

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