Epithelium

Question 1

What is epithelium?

Answer 1

Tissue which covers and lines tissues

Question 2

What is endothelium?

Answer 2

Epithelium like tissue that lines the cardiovascular system

Question 3

Where is epithelium found on the interior of the body?

Answer 3

Oral cavity
Alimentary Canal
Respiratory Tract
Genitourinary Tract

Question 4

Where is epithelium found on the exterior?

Answer 4

Exterior surfaces e.g epidermis of skin

Question 5

What is mesothelium?

Answer 5

Epithelial like tissue that lines internal closed cavities

Question 6

Where is epithelium found in the body?

Answer 6

Glands and ducts

Question 7

What is the function of the epithelium?

Answer 7

Form continuous sheets that act as boundaries between environment surface and teh underlying tissues
Cell proliferation for repair and renewal
Transport of ions solutes and molecules across epithelium surface
Protection
Absorption
Secretion
Sensory perception

Question 8

What are the features of the epithelium?

Answer 8

Cells are contiguous
Cells are polarised 
no intracellular substances 
apical membranes face a free surface
basal regions lie on a basement membrane 
epithelia are usually avascular

Question 9

What is the name given to one cell layer of epithelium?

Answer 9

simple

Question 10

What is the name given to 2 or more layers of cells

Answer 10

Stratified

Question 11

What are the 3 different shapes of epithelium cells?

Answer 11

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 12

What are the 3 differetn surface specialisations?

Answer 12

Cillia
Microvilli
Keratin

Question 13

What is the role of Simple squamous cells?

Answer 13

Facilitate passive diffusion of gases or fluids

Question 14

Describe the features of a simple squamous epithelial cell?

Answer 14

So thin that cant see much cytoplasm and nucleus looks like a fried egg

Question 15

Where are simple cuboidal cells found?

Answer 15

Lines small ducts and tubules

Question 16

What is the function of simple cubodial cells?

Answer 16

Have excretory secretory and absorptive functions

Question 17

What is the function of simple columnar cells?

Answer 17

Absorption and secretion

Question 18

What are pseudostratified columnar cilliated cells?

Answer 18

Appears as many layers due to nuclei being at different levels but all cells make contact with the basement membrane

Question 19

Where are the microridges on the SSNK and what do they do?

Answer 19

On apical surfaces

Microridges help transport substances or provide stretch

Question 20

What is the role of SSK?

Answer 20

adapted to withstand constant abrasion and desiccation

Question 21

What are transitional cells?

Answer 21

Transition between stratified squamous and stratified columnar

Question 22

What is the role of transitional cells?

Answer 22

Adapted to withstand stretch and toxicity

Question 23

What are the two classification of glands?

Answer 23

Exocrine and endocrine

Question 24

What is an exocrine gland?

Answer 24

Secretes the product onto a surface via the ducts

Question 25

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 25

Secrete product into the bloodstream | no ducts

Question 26

How do glands develop?

Answer 26

Begin as secretory cells on surface of epithelium Unicellular glands and then multicellular glands form Exocrine glands develop a duct with secretory cells at the bottom of a secretory unit Endocrine glands- develop by the isolation of the bud of cells from the surface of the epithelium-isolated mass then acquires its own blood supply

Question 27

What are the two types of exocrine gland classification based on their structure?

Answer 27

Ducts and secretory units

Question 28

What types of exocrine duct glands are there?

Answer 28

Simple - unbranched | Compound-branched

Question 29

What type of exocrine secretory unit glands are there?

Answer 29

Acinar- shaped like a hollow berry forms a spherical mass called an acinus with a central lumen extending to a duct Tubular - test-tube shaped

Question 30

What are the three different types of exocrine gland classification based on secretion?

Answer 30

Mucous glands Serous glands Seromuscus glands

Question 31

Describe the mucous glands

Answer 31

Viscous fluid | rich in mucopolysaccharides to lubricate and protect

Question 32

Describe the serous glands

Answer 32

watery fluid | rich in enzymes

Question 33

Describe seromucus glands

Answer 33

contains both serous and muscous cells

Question 34

Describe the serous cells

Answer 34

Cuboidal cells arranged around a central lumen with a sepherical nuclei dark staining

Question 35

Describe the mucous cells

Answer 35

Cuboidal cells arranged around a central lumen with flattened nuclei at base pale staining

Question 36

What is the method of discharge of merocrine gland?

Answer 36

Veasicle secrete contents into duct

Question 37

What is the method of discharge of apocrine gland?

Answer 37

Secretory products are stored in the cell and pinched off portion of the cell in the secretion

Question 38

What is the method of discharge of holocrine gland?

Answer 38

Cell shed into the duct and dying cell releases secretory products replcacement cell will come along

Question 39

What are the three adhesion specialisations of eptihelia?

Answer 39

Tight junction Intermediate junction Desmosone

Question 40

What is a tight junction?

Answer 40

Membranes of adjacent cells are sealed together at points to prevent transport of substances between the cells Maintains apical and lateral domains

Question 41

What is an intermediate junction?

Answer 41

Ribbon- like adhering junction anchors to terminal web underlying apical membrane

Question 42

What is a desmosone?

Answer 42

Spot like adhering junction- anchors to cell cytoskeleton

Question 43

What are the 6 functions of the basement membrane of epithelia?

Answer 43

Anchors epitheilia and acts as a barrier Defines cell polarity Organise protein distribution in attached cells Promotes cell survival, proliferation and differentiation Serves as highways for cell migration In tissue regeneration. can act as a scaffold for regenerating cells to adhere to