Nerve 1

Question 1

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

What is the CNS composed of?

Answer 2

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 3

What type of neurons does the CNS contain?

Answer 3

Relay neurons

Question 4

What is the PNS composed of?

Answer 4

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Peripheral nerves

Question 5

What type of neurons does the PNS contain?

Answer 5

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

Question 6

What are the six types of neuroglial cells?

Answer 6

Schwann cells 
Astrocytes 
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells 
Satellite cells

Question 7

What do all neurons consist of?

Answer 7

Cell body
axon
dendrites

Question 8

What is the axon?

Answer 8

A long cytoplasmic extension specialised in generating or conducting nerve impulses to other cells that terminate in dilations known as end bulbs

Question 9

What are dendrites?

Answer 9

Short processes specialised in receiving stimuli from other cells

Question 10

What are the four different structural types of nerve cells?

Answer 10

Anaxonic
Bipolar
Unipolar
Multipolar

Question 11

What does anaxonic mean?

Answer 11

Axon cannot be distinguished from dendrites

Question 12

What does bipolar mean?

Answer 12

Axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of the soma

Question 13

What does unipolar mean?

Answer 13

Dendrite and axon emerging from same process

Question 14

What does multipolar mean?

Answer 14

Two or more dendrites, separate from the axon

Question 15

What are Nissl bodies?

Answer 15

Combination of free ribosomes and RER

Question 16

What is neuropil?

Answer 16

Mass of interwoven nerve endings and dendrites from other neurons

Question 17

What is the membrane of the axon known as?

Answer 17

Axolemma

Question 18

What is the cytoplasm of the axon known as?

Answer 18

Axoplasm

Question 19

What are neurotubules?

Answer 19

Like conveyor belts to transport numerous substances along an axon between the soma and the axon terminal

Question 20

What are neurofilaments?

Answer 20

Major component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, they provide structural support for the axon and regulate the axon diameter

Question 21

What is myelin sheath made up of?

Answer 21

Schwann cells in PNS

Oligondendrocytes in CNS

Question 22

What is the role of myelin?

Answer 22

To act as an insulator and allow for faster transmission of nerve signals and helps repair of axons

Question 23

What happens during multiple sclerosis?

Answer 23

Myelin sheaths surrounding the axon is damaged by an autoimmune mechanism that t interferes with the activity of the affected neurons

Question 24

What CT surrounds an individual axon?

Answer 24

Endoneurium

Question 25

What CT surrounds a nerve fasicle?

Answer 25

Perineurium

Question 26

What CT surrounds a nerve?

Answer 26

Epineurium

Question 27

Where does the spinal cord begin?

Answer 27

The base of the medulla oblongata

Question 28

Where does the spinal cord travel?

Answer 28

Inferiorly within the vertebral canal surrounded by the spinal meninges

Question 29

How does the conus medullaris form?

Answer 29

At L2 vertebral level the spinal cord levels off

Question 30

What is the name given to the spinal nerves that arise from the end of the spinal cord bundled together?

Answer 30

Cuada equina

Question 31

What is the outer layer of the spinal cord known as?

Answer 31

white matter

Question 32

What is the inner layer of the spinal cord known as?

Answer 32

grey matter

Question 33

Label the spinal cord

Answer 33

Slide 20 nerve 1

Question 34

What is the posterior side of the spinal cord?

Answer 34

Posterior - pointy - pointy things hurt - sensory

Question 35

What are ganglia?

Answer 35

Ovoid structures containing neuronal cell bodies and their surrounding glial satellite cells supported by connective tissue and surrounded by delicate CT and surrounded by a denser capsule

Question 36

What determines if it id a sensory or automatic ganglion?

Answer 36

the direction of the nerve impulse

Question 37

How does neural regeneration occur?

Answer 37

Rare neural stem and progenitor cells (located near the ependyma) allow some replacement of neurons throughout life