Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Question 1

What surrounds the testes?

Answer 1

Dense fibrous CT - tucina albugina

Question 2

What is the order from seminifernous tubules to epididymis?

Answer 2

Seminfernous tubules - straight tubules - 20 efferent ductules - epididymis

Question 3

What is a seminiferous tubule?

Answer 3

Site of spermogenesis

Question 4

What are the different germ cells from outermost to innermost?

Answer 4

Spermatogonia - primary spermatocytes- secondary spermatocytes- spermatids- spermatoza

Question 5

What are serotili cells?

Answer 5

Line seminiferous tubules and support and nourish developing germ cells

Question 6

What is the name of the cells in surrounding CT of seminferous tubules that produce testosterone?

Answer 6

Leydig cells

Question 7

What is the role of sertoli cells?

Answer 7

Maintence of blood-testis barrier
provides nutrition and chemical stimulation for spermatogenesis
Germ cells sit in invaginations of serotli cell cytoplasm

Question 8

What happens to spermatozoons once leaving the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 8

Still functionally immature and incapable of coordinated locomotion or fertilisation

Question 9

What is the epididymis?

Answer 9

A tubules 7m in length; highly coiled and twisted

Question 10

What lines the epididymis?

Answer 10

Pseudostratified colunar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 11

What are the functions of the epididymis?

Answer 11

Stores spermatozoa and faciliates their maturation
Recycling centre for damaged sperm
Monitor and adjust composition of tubular fluid

Question 12

What are the ductus deferens?

Answer 12

Ascend into abdominopelvic cavity through the spermatic cord**??

Question 13

What lines the ductus deferens?

Answer 13

Columnar epithelium with sterocilia

Question 14

What is the wall of the ductus deferens composed of?

Answer 14

Thick smooth muscle

Question 15

What causes ejactulation?

Answer 15

Contraction of wall muscles in ductus deferens move spermatozoa from the epididymis to urethra during ejactulation

Question 16

What are the three glands of the male reproductive system and label them on a diagram?

Answer 16

prostate
Seminal vesicle
Bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland

Question 17

How much semen comes from the tubules and epididymis?

Answer 17

5%

Question 18

What is the prostate?

Answer 18

Small muscular organ; encircles prostatic urethra

Question 19

What does the prostate prodcue?

Answer 19

Weakly acidic thin, milky fluid

Question 20

What do the seminal vesicles produce?

Answer 20

High levels of fructose that sperm convert to ATP

Question 21

What do the flagella in the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 21

begin to beat becoming motile

Question 22

What does the duct from the seminal vesicles and vas deferens form?

Answer 22

Ejactulatory duct which joins prostatic urethra

Question 23

What is the role of the cowpers glands?

Answer 23

Empties into the penile urethra

Secrete thick alkaline mucus to provide lubrication for the glans penis and helps neutralise acids within the urethra

Question 24

What are the two regions of the ovary?

Answer 24

Medulla and cortex

Question 25

What is the outer layer of the ovary made of and what is the name given to it?

Answer 25

Dense CT | Tucina albuginea

Question 26

What happens in the cortex of the ovary?

Answer 26

Oocyte and follicular development occurs and secretes hormones

Question 27

What is the medulla made up of?

Answer 27

Loose CT with blood vessels from hilum

Question 28

Where does the production of the female gametes and how often does it occur?

Answer 28

Ovarian follicle and once a month (ovarian cycle)

Question 29

What is the process where the oocytes that degenerate by puberty?

Answer 29

Atresia

Question 30

How many oocytes are liberated for fertilisation?

Answer 30

450

Question 31

What is a primordial follicle?

Answer 31

Primary oocyte surrounded by a simple squamous layer of follicular cells

Question 32

What triggers primordial follicles to undergo development to become primary follicles?

Answer 32

Rising levels of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates the primordial cells

Question 33

What is a primary follicle?

Answer 33

A primary oocyte and several layers of granulosa cells and zone pellucida

Question 34

What is the role of follicular cells?

Answer 34

Provides nutrition to the oocyte

Question 35

What structural changes happens to the primary follicles for them to become secondary follicles?

Answer 35

follicular wall thickens and cells begin to secrete small amounts of fluid which is present in the follicular antrum

Question 36

How many secondary follicles are present after the first 8-10 days of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 36

1

Question 37

Where do theca cells come from and what are the two types?

Answer 37

Derived from fibroblasts Theca interna Theca externa

Question 38

What is a graafian follicle and when does it develop?

Answer 38

tertiary follicle and develops at day 10-14

Question 39

What does the graafian follicle do?

Answer 39

Stretches the ovarian wall - creating a prominent bulge on the surface of the ovary

Question 40

How does the primary oocyte become a secondary oocyte?

Answer 40

The oocyte surrounded by corona radiata -CR projects into the expanded central chamber surrounded by the fluid- filled antrum

Question 41

What happens during ovulation?

Answer 41

Follicular wall ruptures, oocyte complexed released

Question 42

How is the uterine wall prepared for pregnancy?

Answer 42

Cells proliferate to form a short - lived endocrine structure called the corpus luteum - synthesis progesterone

Question 43

What is the corpus albicans?

Answer 43

pale scar tissue produced when when fibroblasts invade the corpus luteum

Question 44

What are the fallopian tubes?

Answer 44

Highly folded mucosa lined within ciliated columnar epithelium- site of fertilisation surrounded by layers of smooth muscle

Question 45

What is the role of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 45

secretes lipids and glycogen to nurture the oocyte

Question 46

What is the myomentrium?

Answer 46

3 indistinct layers of smooth muscle

Question 47

What is the endometrium?

Answer 47

Glandular muscosa consisting of tubular glands CT stroma and highly vascular

Question 48

What are the three phases of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 48

Proliferative Secretory Menstrual