Casey

Question 1

Area

Answer 1

Biological

Question 2

Which classic study does it relate to?

Answer 2

Sperry

Question 3

What is the term that means resisting temptation for a later reward?

Answer 3

Delay of gratification

Question 4

What is a hot cue and a cold cue?

Answer 4

Something we find appealing and something we find neutral

Question 5

Aim of Experiment 1

Answer 5

To investigate if the low delayers from the marshmallow test still struggled

Question 6

Sample for Experiment 1

Answer 6

59 participants from the previous marshmallow test
A mix of low and high delayers

Question 7

Procedure for Experiment 1

Answer 7

1. Each participant did 4 go/no go tasks. 2 were hit with smiley/sad faces and 2 were cold with male/female faces
2. Each face was shown for 500ms on a laptop delivered to their home

Question 8

Experimental design for Experiment 1

Answer 8

Independent measures (high or low delayers) and repeated measures (hot and cold task)

Question 9

Findings for Experiment 1

Answer 9

The low delayers made more errors than high delayers in the hot task

Question 10

Conclusion

Answer 10

The ability to delay gratification is a stable characteristic

Question 11

Aim of Experiment 2

Answer 11

To investigate the areas of the brain associated with resisting temptation

Question 12

Sample of Experiment 2

Answer 12

27 from the first experiment
A mix of high and low delayers

Question 13

Procedure for Experiment 2

Answer 13

1. Participants once again completed the hot go/no-go task but now in an fMRI

Question 14

Findings for Experiment 2

Answer 14

The Ventura Striatum was more active in low delayers
The Inferior Frontal Gyras was more active in high delayers

Question 15

Conclusion for Experiment 2

Answer 15

Differences in people’s ability to delay gratification is linked to biological differences

Question 16

Similarities to Sperry

Answer 16

Both highly controlled (images shown for 0.1s and for 500ms)
Both quasi experiments (undergone split-brain surgery and undergone marshmallows test)

Question 17

Differences to Sperry

Answer 17

Different time periods (Snapshot vs Longitudinal)
Different technology used (tachistoscope vs fMRI)

Question 18

How has and hasn’t it changed our understanding from Sperry?

Answer 18

It tells us about different regions of the brain
Casey found differences even in ‘normal’ people (social diversity)
But still agrees that different parts of the brain have different functions
But still studies Americans (cultural diversity)