Moray

Question 1

Area

Answer 1

Cognitive

Question 2

What is the cocktail party effect?

Answer 2

We hear our own name in a crowded room

Question 3

What is dichotic listening?

Answer 3

When headphones are worn with different messages in each ear

Question 4

What is shadowing?

Answer 4

When a participant focuses on a passage and repeats it out loud

Question 5

What are affective instructions?

Answer 5

Instructions that are preceded by a person’s name

Question 6

Aim

Answer 6

To test Cherry’s findings on the inattentional barrier

Question 7

What does Experiment 1 focus on?

Answer 7

The inattentional barrier

Question 8

Sample of experiment 1

Answer 8

Male and female undergrads from Oxford University

Question 9

Procedure for Experiment 1

Answer 9

1. Participants had to shadow prose in one ear. This is the attended message.
2. A list of words was repeated 35 times in the other ear. This is the rejected message.
3. Participants completed a recognition task from a list of 21 words.

Question 10

Quantitative findings for Experiment 1

Answer 10

Participants recognised 4.9/7 words from the shadowed passage and 1.9/7 from the rejected passage

Question 11

Conclusion for Experiment 1

Answer 11

Almost none of the rejected words broke the inattentional barrier

Question 12

What did Experiment 2 focus on?

Answer 12

Affective instructions

Question 13

Sample of Experiment 2

Answer 13

12 male and female undergrads from Oxford University

Question 14

Procedure for Experiment 2

Answer 14

1. Participants heard 10 passages of light fiction including affective and non-affective instructions
2. These instructions were at the beginning and/or end of the passage and told the participants to change ear or stop
3. Passages were read in steady monotone at 130wpm

Question 15

Findings for Experiment 2

Answer 15

Affective instructions were followed 16 more times than non-affective instructions

Question 16

Conclusion for Experiment 2

Answer 16

Affective instructions are able to break the inattentional barrier

Question 17

What does Experiment 3 focus on?

Answer 17

Pre-warning to instructions

Question 18

Sample for Experiment 3

Answer 18

28 male and female undergrads from Oxford University split into 2 groups

Question 19

Procedure for Experiment 3

Answer 19

1. Participants were asked to shadow one message that contained digits towards the end
2. The digits were in the rejected passage and/or the shadowed passage

Question 20

Conclusion for Experiment 3

Answer 20

Pre-warnings do not break the inattentional barrier