CE 3

Question 1

1)
Which structure contains adipose tissue and offers cushioning for the anterior and lateral areas of the abdomen?

Answer 1

greater omentum

Question 2

Which of the following are double layers of peritoneal membrane that support the visceral organs and transport blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves??

Answer 2

mesentries

Question 3

Which layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of areolar connective tissue with blood and lymphatic vessels?

Answer 3

lamina propria

Question 4

Stratified squamous epithelium lines all the following structures except_

Answer 4

stomach (simple columnar)

Question 5

Which gland releases its secretions into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar?

Answer 5

parotid

Question 6

The tooth structure that has a mineralized matrix similar to bone is_

Answer 6

dentin

Question 7

What structure connects the anterior part of the tongue to the underlying epithelium?

Answer 7

lingual frenulum

Question 8

Which substance is secreted by chief cells?

Answer 8

pepsinogen

Question 9

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid that is_

Answer 9

rich in bicarbonate ions

Question 10

) The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from which of the following?

Answer 10

bile duct and pancreatic duct

Question 11

Peyer’s patches are characteristic of the _

Answer 11

ileum

Question 12

At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the

Answer 12

descending colon

Question 13

Which hormone helps neutralize gastric acid in the small intestine?

Answer 13

secretin

Question 14

Chemical protein digestion begins in the_

Answer 14

stomach

Question 15

15) Mary is experiencing heartburn. Which of the following could explain this?

Answer 15

The lower esophageal sphincter is too loose, allowing acidic chyme to enter the esophagus.

Question 16

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?

Answer 16

glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct

Question 17

Which condition is most associated with anorexia, prolonged starvation, or a carbohydrate-deficient diet?

Answer 17

ketonuria

Question 18

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the_

Answer 18

renal pelvis

Question 19

Which portion of the renal segment is under ADH and aldosterone stimulation?

Answer 19

distal convoluted tubule

Question 20

Which best describes the permeability characteristics of the nephron loop’s thin segments?

Answer 20

They are freely permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and solutes

Question 21

What effect does aldosterone have on the distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule,
and collecting duct?

Answer 21

Promotes reabsorption of sodium and water retention

Question 22

Which forces oppose filtration at the glomerulus?

Answer 22

Capsular hydrostatic pressure and blood osmotic pressure

Question 23

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the capillaries?

Answer 23

peritubular

Question 24

Modified smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that secrete renin are called

Answer 24

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 25

Glomerular blood flow is unique because it flows

Answer 25

from arteriole to capillary bed to arteriole.

Question 26

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

Answer 26

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Question 27

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the_

Answer 27

glomerular filtration rate

Question 28

Which of the following is not normally found in urine?

Answer 28

large proteins

Question 29

What happens during the countercurrent multiplier process in the kidneys?

Answer 29

A higher concentration of sodium is generated in the renal medulla, which osmotically pulls water out of the tubules, concentrating the urine.

Question 30

Which cation is most abundant in intracellular fluid?

Answer 30

potassium

Question 31

Which hormone regulates the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys?

Answer 31

aldosterone

Question 32

3) In clinical estimates, - _of total body water is found in the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF?

Answer 32

Two-thirds; one-third

Question 33

What are the two main subdivisions of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Answer 33

binterstitial fluid and plasma

Question 34

5) What is the typical pH range of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Answer 34

7.35 - 7.45

Question 35

What condition is commonly caused by hypoventilation?

Answer 35

respiratory acidosis

Question 36

Excessive intake of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to relieve stomach discomfort can result in which of the following conditions?

Answer 36

metabolic alkalosis

Question 37

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) _of blood?

Answer 37

decrease, pH

Question 38

These are tiny masses of material, hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them

Answer 38

casts

Question 39

) The two organs that play an important role in maintaining acid-base balance are -

Answer 39

lungs and kidneys

Question 40

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the _ fluid.

Answer 40

extra cellular

Question 41

Which electrolyte imbalance most likely happen on drinking of too much pure water?

Answer 41

hypernatremia

Question 42

Wich hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

Answer 42

ADH

Question 43

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to_

Answer 43

limit pH changes caused by metabolic and fixed acids.

Question 44

Which electrolyte, when imbalanced, poses the greatest risk to normal cell function and can lead to life-threatening complications?

Answer 44

potassium ions