Cell Division and Introductory Genetics

Question 1

What are two ways cells can divide?

Answer 1

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 2

What is the duplication and division of the nucleus and its contents?

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

What is the duplication and division of everything except the nucleus and its contents?

Answer 3

Cytokinesis

Question 4

Every single human spent 30 minutes being a single cell?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What three cell cycle phases make up interphase?

Answer 5

G1, S, and G2

Question 6

What is the most significant phase for replication and growth of organelles?

Answer 6

G1

Question 7

Which interphase phase is where the cell grows in preparation for DNA replication and is biochemically active?

Answer 7

G1 phase

Question 8

The cell is biochemically active, prepares itself for mitosis, and rapid cell growth are three characteristics of what interphase phase?

Answer 8

G2

Question 9

In which interphase phase is DNA replicated in the nucleus?

Answer 9

S, or synthesis phase

Question 10

Mitosis lasts about how many minutes?

Answer 10

80 minutes

Question 11

While cytokinesis overlaps with mitosis, does that mean it is a part of mitosis?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

The complete cell cycle takes about how many hours?

Answer 12

24 hours

Question 13

6.5 feet of DNA is in each cell of what?

Answer 13

Chromosomes

Question 14

After the S phase, how many chromosomes are there?

Answer 14

92 chromosomes

Question 15

Held together at the centromere, what chromosomes replicate themselves?

Answer 15

Homologous chromosomes

Question 16

Growth of the organism and tissue repair, ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information, and asexual reproduction in some species are the three functions of what?

Answer 16

Mitosis

Question 17

The five phases of mitosis are?

Answer 17

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 18

What is the longest phase of mitosis?

Answer 18

Prophase

Question 19

Chromosomes become visible as they condense as the original copy sister chromatids are “stuck” together at the centromere in what phase?

Answer 19

Prophase

Question 20

What is the centrosome?

Answer 20

An area of the cell containing centrioles

Question 21

The nucleolus breaks apart and strings form made of microtubules in what mitosis phase?

Answer 21

Prophase

Question 22

Chromosomes move toward the equator and attach to spindle strings at kinetochores of centromeres, nuclear membrane broken down, and microtubules continue growing from centrioles of centrosomes of what mitosis phase?

Answer 22

Prometaphase

Question 23

Chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles in what mitosis phase?

Answer 23

Metaphase

Question 24

What is the shortest mitosis phase?

Answer 24

Anaphase

Question 25

Sister chromatids separate at the centromere, chromosomes part and move to the poles, and poles of cells move farther apart in what mitosis phase?

Answer 25

Anaphase

Question 26

What is the 2nd longest mitosis phase?

Answer 26

Telophase

Question 27

New cell components begin to appear, protein fibers break up, nuclear membranes and nucleoli reform, chromosomes become uncondensed, and mitosis is complete in what mitosis phase?

Answer 27

Telophase

Question 28

The formation of two complete, new cells is what phase?

Answer 28

Cytokinesis

Question 29

All the chromosomes in a cell except the sex cells are called what?

Answer 29

Autosomes

Question 30

Are most organisms capable of sexual reproduction?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Is sexual or asexual reproduction safer and faster?

Answer 31

Asexual

Question 32

Unique traits in offspring and offspring are better adapted to local conditions are two advantages of what reproduction?

Answer 32

Sexual reproduction

Question 32

Plants, some animals, and microorganisms can reproduce which way?

Answer 32

Asexually

Question 33

What type of chromosomes have the same kind of genes but the chemistry is a little different?

Answer 33

Homologous chromosomes

Question 34

Eye color, hair color, height, behavior, and more are examples of genes for what?

Answer 34

Homologous chromosomes

Question 35

Two complete sets of chromosomes is what?

Answer 35

Diploid

Question 36

What is diploid, or 2n, in humans?

Answer 36

46

Question 37

One set of chromosomes is called what?

Answer 37

Haploid

Question 38

What are two examples of haploids?

Answer 38

Sperm and egg

Question 39

Human sperm and egg are formed via?

Answer 39

Meiosis

Question 40

What two processes make haploid cells from a diploid cell?

Answer 40

Meiosis and cytokinesis

Question 41

In animals, what process has a diploid nucleus divide twice, leading to 4 haploid nuclei?

Answer 41

Meiosis

Question 42

Genetically unique cells are formed after what with meiosis?

Answer 42

Cytokinesis

Question 43

The purpose of meiosis is to create what?

Answer 43

Unique traits in offspring

Question 44

Is each sperm and egg cell genetically unique?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

Down's Syndrome is caused by the failure of chromosome what separation?

Answer 45

21

Question 46

Color vision and blood clotting are examples of what-linked traits?

Answer 46

X-linked

Question 47

100 to 200 genes are found on the what chromosome, despite approximately only 45 to 73 coding for protein?

Answer 47

Y chromosome

Question 47

Color blindness on X makes who more affected?

Answer 47

Males

Question 48

What gene triggers testes development?

Answer 48

SRY

Question 49

Women have approximately how many more genes than men?

Answer 49

1,000

Question 50

Turner's Syndrome only affects who?

Answer 50

Women

Question 51

One of the X chromosomes are missing or partially missing, leaving only one X, is what syndrome?

Answer 51

Turner's Syndrome

Question 52

Klinefelter's Syndrome is what three chromosomes?

Answer 52

XXY

Question 53

A genetic condition in which a male is born with an extra copy of an X chromosome is:

Answer 53

Klinefelter's Syndrome

Question 54

Superfemales is the common name when you get either of these two chromosome patterns:

Answer 54

XXX and XXXX

Question 55

Tall, thin, and delayed motor and language development are traits of what three chromosomes?

Answer 55

XXX

Question 56

Extremely rare, tall, and severe mental impairment are three traits of what four chromosomes together?

Answer 56

XXXX

Question 57

Which syndrome thought males were once more aggressive?

Answer 57

Jacob's Syndrome

Question 58

1 in 1,000 males is born with what syndrome?

Answer 58

Jacob's Syndrome

Question 59

Might be taller than other boys, can have problems with spoken language and processing spoken words, coordination problems, weaker muscles, hand tremors, and behavioral difficulties are traits of what syndrome?

Answer 59

Jacob's Syndrome

Question 60

Jacob's Syndrome is also called what?

Answer 60

XYY

Question 61

Trisomy 18 is more commonly known as what?

Answer 61

Edward's Syndrome

Question 62

Trisomy 13 is also called what?

Answer 62

Patua Syndrome

Question 63

Trisomy 8 is also called what?

Answer 63

Warkany Syndrome

Question 64

The most common trisomy leading to miscarriage is what?

Answer 64

Trisomy 16

Question 65

Frequent cause of spontaneous abortion in first trimester – rare live birth is what trisomy?

Answer 65

Trisomy 22

Question 66

Which trisomy has a much lower survival rate than Down's Syndrome?

Answer 66

Trisomy 9

Question 67

Whose work was rediscovered in 1900 where he cross-pollinated garden peas?

Answer 67

Gregor Mendel

Question 68

A length of DNA; codes for one protein

Answer 68

Gene

Question 69

One version of a set of genes for a trait

Answer 69

Allele