Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 3

Which cell type lacks a nucleus and no membranes around internal parts?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic

Question 4

Which cell type has a nucleus and membranes around internal parts?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic

Question 5

What is the smallest human cell overall and which one for females?

Answer 5

Sperm and red blood cells

Question 6

What is the largest human cell overall and for males?

Answer 6

Eggs and fat cells

Question 7

Are some cells visible? What are two examples?

Answer 7

Yes, egg yolks and frog eggs

Question 8

Humans have approximately 60 trillion cells. True or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Inclusions, cytosol, membranes, and organelles are the four major parts of what?

Answer 9

Cells

Question 10

The cytosol and organelles outside the nucleus are held in what?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Germs, glycogen, mucus, and pigments such as melanin are what major part of the cells?

Answer 11

Inclusions

Question 12

The water-based “juice” in the cell composed of waters, carbs, lipids, pieces of DNA, pieces of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and wastes is what major part of the cell?

Answer 12

Cytosol

Question 13

The cell membrane is made out of what two things?

Answer 13

Protein and phospholipids

Question 14

Which type of cells have membranes around organelles?

Answer 14

Eukaryotic cells

Question 14

Is the tail or head of the phospholipid hydrophilic?

Answer 14

Heads

Question 14

What major part of the cell is tiny components that allow the cell to work?

Answer 14

Organelles

Question 15

What is the largest organelle that also contains most of the cell’s DNA?

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

Housing the nucleolus and protecting genetic material is the job of what organelle?

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

What organelle is located inside the nucleus and is made of DNA, RNA, and proteins?

Answer 17

Nucleolus

Question 17

Making ribosomes is the job of what organelle?

Answer 17

Nucleolus

Question 18

What organelle is made of DNA, RNA, and protein and has no membrane?

Answer 18

Ribosome

Question 19

The place where proteins are made is the job of what organelle?

Answer 19

Ribosome

Question 20

The transport and storage of materials that are interconnected tubes continuous with the nuclear membrane are what two structures?

Answer 20

The endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

Part of protein making is the job of what organelle?

Answer 21

Rough ER

Question 22

Manufacturing lipids and detoxifying is the job of what organelle?

Answer 22

Smooth ER

Question 23

Stacks of flattened sacs that also make secretory vesicles and lysosomes is what organelle?

Answer 23

Golgi

Question 24

Storage and packaging center is the job of what organelle?

Answer 24

Golgi

Question 25

What is the small fluid-filled body produced by the golgi?

Answer 25

Secretory vesicles

Question 26

The organelle that transports proteins is what?

Answer 26

Secretory vesicles

Question 27

What organelle digests all sorts of molecules/structures using enzymes such as foreign bodies, other parts of the cell, or the entire cell?

Answer 27

Lysosomes

Question 27

What organelle has a simple spherical membrane where digestive enzymes are found inside?

Answer 27

Lysosome

Question 28

Lysosome enzymes are made by the proteins from what organelle?

Answer 28

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

What part of the lysosomes are enclosed within vesicles by the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 29

Enzymes

Question 29

What organelle has its own DNA?

Answer 29

Ribosome

Question 30

Releasing energy from food, or cellular respiration, is the job of what organelle?

Answer 30

Mitochondrion

Question 31

100s of little hair-like "fingers" that move in an undulating fashion are what organelle?

Answer 31

Cilia

Question 31

Moving things around, such as eggs, clearing junk from lungs, and some microorganisms, is the job of what organelle?

Answer 31

Cilia

Question 32

What organelle has longer but fewer than cilia that moves in a cork-screw fashion?

Answer 32

Flagella

Question 33

Locomotion for some cells such as bacteria or sperm is the job of what organelle?

Answer 33

Flagella

Question 34

What organelle produces structures made of tubes like cilia, flagella, more of itself, and tubes needed in cell division?

Answer 34

Centrioles

Question 35

What organelle is typically in pairs near the nucleus but has no membrane?

Answer 35

Centrioles

Question 36

What organelle is only found in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells that has its own DNA?

Answer 36

Chloroplasts

Question 37

Capturing and converting energy to be released by mitochondria is the job of what organelle?

Answer 37

Chloroplasts

Question 38

The chloroplast has how many membranes?

Answer 38

Two: Inner and outer

Question 39

The aqueous place inside the chloroplasts is called what?

Answer 39

Stroma

Question 40

What are internal folds found within the stroma?

Answer 40

Thylakoids

Question 41

Stacks of thylakoids are called what?

Answer 41

Granum (Grana)

Question 42

Chlorophyll is found in the membrane of the what?

Answer 42

Thylakoid

Question 43

The vacuole is had by what and some what?

Answer 43

Plants and some protists

Question 44

What organelle is bound by a single membrane and keeps the cell from collapsing on itself?

Answer 44

Vacuole

Question 45

A cell wall is had by some what and what?

Answer 45

Plants and some algae

Question 46

Controlling the amount of water in the cell is the job of what organelle?

Answer 46

Vacuole

Question 47

The cell wall is made by what?

Answer 47

Carbohydrates (cellulose)

Question 48

Supporting and protecting the cell and giving stiffness to the plant cell is the job of what organelle?

Answer 48

Cell wall