How Cells Acquire and Release Stored Energy

Question 1

Does energy flow from consumers to producers or producers to consumers?

Answer 1

Producers to consumers

Question 2

Plants, algae, and some bacteria are all capable of what?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

Bacteria use what two things to make a carbohydrate for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Sunlight energy and water

Question 4

44% visible light, 52% infrared, and 4% ultraviolet is the percentage of what light?

Answer 4

Sunlight

Question 4

Sunlight consists of what?

Answer 4

Photons

Question 5

400-700 nanometers is what light?

Answer 5

Visible light

Question 6

Highly structured, membrane-rich organelles are?

Answer 6

Chloroplasts

Question 7

Plant pigments absorb the energy in what?

Answer 7

Light

Question 8

Do pigments both absorb and reflect light energy?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is the most important chlorophyll? What percentage?

Answer 9

Chlorophyll a, 75%

Question 10

What is orange, yellow in color?

Answer 10

Carotenoids

Question 10

What chlorophyll makes plants appear green?

Answer 10

Chlorophyll a

Question 11

What are two examples of carotenoids?

Answer 11

Carotenes and xanthophylls

Question 12

Is chlorophyll b an accessory pigment?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Accessory pigments help what absorb light energy?

Answer 13

Chlorophyll a

Question 14

What is adenosine?

Answer 14

Adenine and ribose

Question 15

The universal energy molecule that is also a modified nucleotide is what?

Answer 15

ATP

Question 16

What are the two parts of photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Light reaction and the CBB cycle

Question 17

What part of photosynthesis occurs on the chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules that absorb energy in light waves?

Answer 17

Light reaction

Question 18

The pigment molecules used for the light reaction are concentrated on the surface of what?

Answer 18

Thylakoid membranes

Question 19

In the light energy, light is used to split H2O. Oxygen from the water is released as what while hydrogen becomes an energy source for part 2 as it travels on what carrier molecule?

Answer 19

Waste and NADPH

Question 20

The electrons from water in the light reaction are used to make what?

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

How many electrons, hydrogens, and oxygens are released after water is split?

Answer 21

2 electrons, 2 hydrogens, and 1 oxygen

Question 22

The 2 hydrogens and ATP created in the light reaction are used to make what from CO2 in the second part?

Answer 22

Carbohydrates

Question 23

Where does the CBB cycle take place?

Answer 23

Stroma of chloroplasts

Question 24

In the CBB cycle, what assembles carbs from CO2?

Answer 24

Enzymes

Question 25

What two things are transported from the light reaction to CBB cycle?

Answer 25

ATP and NADPH

Question 26

What two things are transported from the CBB cycle to the light reaction?

Answer 26

ADP and NADP+

Question 27

Move minerals in water in the xylem, activates seed germination, and softens the seed are three reasons plants need what?

Answer 27

Water

Question 27

Plants can't make what without water?

Answer 27

Carbohydrates

Question 28

What is used by the majority of living things to extract energy from food?

Answer 28

Cellular Respiration

Question 29

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

Answer 29

Glucose

Question 29

What are the three steps of cellular respiration?

Answer 29

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain

Question 30

Cellular respiration is performed by what special protein?

Answer 30

Enzymes

Question 31

What special energy molecule supplies energy for work to be done in cellular respiration?

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

What are the three types of sugars?

Answer 32

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 33

What are two examples of disaccharides?

Answer 33

Sucrose and lactose

Question 34

What are two examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 34

Glycogen and starch

Question 35

What is the primary energy source of chemical energy in organisms?

Answer 35

Glucose

Question 36

Of starch, glycogen, glucose, sucrose, and lactose, which of these are the rest turned into by enzymes in the organism?

Answer 36

Glucose

Question 37

What is step 1 of cellular respiration and what does it do?

Answer 37

Glycolysis and it splits the glucose molecule in half

Question 38

Where does glycolysis occur and does it need oxygen?

Answer 38

Occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondrion and can occur without oxygen

Question 39

What does glucose turn into in glycolysis?

Answer 39

2 pyruvic acid molecules, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

Question 40

What does the NADH made in glycolysis carry that are free for later use?

Answer 40

2 hydrogen atoms

Question 41

The two pyruvic molecules made in glycolysis are converted into what?

Answer 41

Two other molecules

Question 42

What is the second step of cellular respiration and where does it occur?

Answer 42

Krebs Cycle and it takes place in the matrix, or aqueous part, of the mitochondrion

Question 43

The two converted pyruvic molecules enter as how many reactions occur?

Answer 43

8 reactions

Question 44

What are the products of the 8 reactions that occur in the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 44

6 CO2 released as waste, 2 ATP, and 8 hydrogen atoms and their electrons attached to NADH and FADH2.

Question 45

In the Krebs Cycle what sort of bonds are "tapped" to release energy in steps?

Answer 45

High energy bonds

Question 46

After the Krebs Cycle, how many ATP are there?

Answer 46

4 ATP

Question 47

The third step of cellular respiration requires what from breathing?

Answer 47

Oxygen

Question 48

What is the third step of cellular respiration and where does it occur?

Answer 48

Electron transport system and occurs on the cristae, or inner membrane, of the mitochondrion

Question 49

The electron transport system converts energy from hydrogen/proton gradient into what via electron transport chain?

Answer 49

ATP

Question 50

How many ATP molecules are made in the ETS?

Answer 50

34 ATP

Question 51

What process extracts the most energy or produces the most ATP molecules for cellular respiration?

Answer 51

Electron transport system

Question 52

How many ATP are used from one glucose molecule? Each steps gives how many?

Answer 52

38 total 2 from glycolysis, 2 from Krebs Cycle, and 34 from ETS

Question 52

Is ATP easily or not easily stored by the body? Why is this?

Answer 52

It is not as ATP must be "spent" to make new ATP

Question 53

You use your what in body weight in a typical day?

Answer 53

ATP

Question 54

The amount of ATP present in the human body at any given moment would sustain life for only about what?

Answer 54

One minute

Question 55

How many ATP are produced per second?

Answer 55

10^21 per second

Question 56

How many ATP are produced per second per cell?

Answer 56

10-15 million