Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 101 > How Cells Acquire and Release Stored Energy > Flashcards

How Cells Acquire and Release Stored Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Does energy flow from consumers to producers or producers to consumers?

A

Producers to consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plants, algae, and some bacteria are all capable of what?

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacteria use what two things to make a carbohydrate for photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight energy and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

44% visible light, 52% infrared, and 4% ultraviolet is the percentage of what light?

A

Sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sunlight consists of what?

A

Photons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

400-700 nanometers is what light?

A

Visible light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Highly structured, membrane-rich organelles are?

A

Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plant pigments absorb the energy in what?

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do pigments both absorb and reflect light energy?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most important chlorophyll? What percentage?

A

Chlorophyll a, 75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is orange, yellow in color?

A

Carotenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What chlorophyll makes plants appear green?

A

Chlorophyll a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two examples of carotenoids?

A

Carotenes and xanthophylls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is chlorophyll b an accessory pigment?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Accessory pigments help what absorb light energy?

A

Chlorophyll a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is adenosine?

A

Adenine and ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The universal energy molecule that is also a modified nucleotide is what?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two parts of photosynthesis?

A

Light reaction and the CBB cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What part of photosynthesis occurs on the chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules that absorb energy in light waves?

A

Light reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The pigment molecules used for the light reaction are concentrated on the surface of what?

A

Thylakoid membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the light energy, light is used to split H2O. Oxygen from the water is released as what while hydrogen becomes an energy source for part 2 as it travels on what carrier molecule?

A

Waste and NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The electrons from water in the light reaction are used to make what?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many electrons, hydrogens, and oxygens are released after water is split?

A

2 electrons, 2 hydrogens, and 1 oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The 2 hydrogens and ATP created in the light reaction are used to make what from CO2 in the second part?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the CBB cycle take place?

A

Stroma of chloroplasts

24
Q

In the CBB cycle, what assembles carbs from CO2?

A

Enzymes

25
Q

What two things are transported from the light reaction to CBB cycle?

A

ATP and NADPH

26
Q

What two things are transported from the CBB cycle to the light reaction?

A

ADP and NADP+

27
Q

Move minerals in water in the xylem, activates seed germination, and softens the seed are three reasons plants need what?

A

Water

27
Q

Plants can’t make what without water?

A

Carbohydrates

28
Q

What is used by the majority of living things to extract energy from food?

A

Cellular Respiration

29
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose

29
Q

What are the three steps of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain

30
Q

Cellular respiration is performed by what special protein?

A

Enzymes

31
Q

What special energy molecule supplies energy for work to be done in cellular respiration?

A

ATP

32
Q

What are the three types of sugars?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

33
Q

What are two examples of disaccharides?

A

Sucrose and lactose

34
Q

What are two examples of polysaccharides?

A

Glycogen and starch

35
Q

What is the primary energy source of chemical energy in organisms?

A

Glucose

36
Q

Of starch, glycogen, glucose, sucrose, and lactose, which of these are the rest turned into by enzymes in the organism?

A

Glucose

37
Q

What is step 1 of cellular respiration and what does it do?

A

Glycolysis and it splits the glucose molecule in half

38
Q

Where does glycolysis occur and does it need oxygen?

A

Occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondrion and can occur without oxygen

39
Q

What does glucose turn into in glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvic acid molecules, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH

40
Q

What does the NADH made in glycolysis carry that are free for later use?

A

2 hydrogen atoms

41
Q

The two pyruvic molecules made in glycolysis are converted into what?

A

Two other molecules

42
Q

What is the second step of cellular respiration and where does it occur?

A

Krebs Cycle and it takes place in the matrix, or aqueous part, of the mitochondrion

43
Q

The two converted pyruvic molecules enter as how many reactions occur?

A

8 reactions

44
Q

What are the products of the 8 reactions that occur in the Krebs Cycle?

A

6 CO2 released as waste, 2 ATP, and 8 hydrogen atoms and their electrons attached to NADH and FADH2.

45
Q

In the Krebs Cycle what sort of bonds are “tapped” to release energy in steps?

A

High energy bonds

46
Q

After the Krebs Cycle, how many ATP are there?

A

4 ATP

47
Q

The third step of cellular respiration requires what from breathing?

A

Oxygen

48
Q

What is the third step of cellular respiration and where does it occur?

A

Electron transport system and occurs on the cristae, or inner membrane, of the mitochondrion

49
Q

The electron transport system converts energy from hydrogen/proton gradient into what via electron transport chain?

A

ATP

50
Q

How many ATP molecules are made in the ETS?

A

34 ATP

51
Q

What process extracts the most energy or produces the most ATP molecules for cellular respiration?

A

Electron transport system

52
Q

How many ATP are used from one glucose molecule? Each steps gives how many?

A

38 total
2 from glycolysis, 2 from Krebs Cycle, and 34 from ETS

52
Q

Is ATP easily or not easily stored by the body? Why is this?

A

It is not as ATP must be “spent” to make new ATP

53
Q

You use your what in body weight in a typical day?

A

ATP

54
Q

The amount of ATP present in the human body at any given moment would sustain life for only about what?

A

One minute

55
Q

How many ATP are produced per second?

A

10^21 per second

56
Q

How many ATP are produced per second per cell?

A

10-15 million

Biology 101 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions