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Biology 101 > Invertebrates > Flashcards

Invertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

What domain is the kingdom Animalia from?

A

Eukarya

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2
Q

550 mya, (in)vertebrates, can reproduce sexually, gametes, diploid or polyploid, and multicellular heterotrophs are general characteristics of what?

A

Kingdom Animalia

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2
Q

Are there any single-celled animals?

A

No

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3
Q

What species have bilateral symmetry?

A

The phylum chordata, arthropoda, and worms

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4
Q

Gametes are gained via what?

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

What species have radial symmetry?

A

Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, coral, star fish, sea urchins, brittle stars, and sand dollars

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6
Q

What species have asymmetry?

A

Sponges

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7
Q

Cephalization is not seen in all animals but tends to be seen in animals with what symmetry?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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8
Q

Simple animals have an incomplete digestive system, where they have a mouth but no anus. This is called a what type of body plan and where does waste travel?

A

Sac-type body plan and waste travels back through the mouth

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9
Q

Which two phyla have incomplete digestive systems?

A

Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes

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10
Q

A complete digestive system is called a what body plan?

A

Tube-within-a-tube body plan

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11
Q

The spine of vertebrates evolved from what worms?

A

Segmented worms

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12
Q

A subdivided body plan into individual segments is called what?

A

Segmentation

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13
Q

The phylum Porifera is made up of what species and how many?

A

Approximately 7,500 species of sponges

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14
Q

No organs, usually no symmetry, no mouth or anus, sessile filter feeders, and secrete a “skeleton” are characteristics of what phylum?

A

Porifera

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15
Q

The “skeleton” secreted by sponges is made of what and is reinforced with shark what for defense?

A

Collagen and spicules

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16
Q

Spicules can be made from what three things?

A

Glass, calcium carbonate, or protein

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17
Q

The phylum Cnidaria consists of what species and how many are there?

A

Approximately 10,000 species of jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, and coral

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18
Q

Do all cnidarians have stingers and are venomous?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Do Cnidaria have an incomplete digestive system?

A

Yes

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19
Q

The most deadly animal venom in the world is from what animal? What is its nickname?

A

The box jellyfish, or the sea wasp

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19
Q

What four things cause coral bleaching? What is the main cause?

A

Overexposure to sunlight, extreme low tides, change in ocean temperature, and runoff and pollution. The main cause is change in ocean temperature

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20
Q

The phylum Platyhelminthes is made up of what type of worm and how many species?

A

Approximately 20,000 species of flatworms

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21
Q

Where are flatworms found?

A

Streams, oceans, and moist leaf litter

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22
Q

What are examples of the phyla Platyhelminthes?

A

Liver flukes, blood flukes, and tapeworms

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23
Q

Flatworms are either what or what system parasites?

A

Digestive or circulatory

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24
Q

The most common tapeworm is the Hymenlepis nana, or what?

A

Dwarf tapeworm

25
Q

Human liver and blood flukes kill how many?

A

Millions

25
Q

The phylum Nematoda has how many species and is made up of what?

A

Approximately 28,000 species of roundworms/threadworms

26
Q

How many possible species are there of roundworms/threadworms?

A

One million plus species

27
Q

Most nematodes are parasitic but how many species infect humans?

A

30 species

28
Q

Do the worms in the phylum Nematoda have a complete or incomplete digestive system?

A

Complete

29
Q

Some species of what phylum are important for soil ecology?

A

Nematoda

30
Q

How many people are infected worldwide with hookworms?

A

600 million

30
Q

What are examples of the phylum Nematoda?

A

Hookworms, pinworm, and trichina

31
Q

Having a mantle and being soft-bodied are two characteristics of what phylum?

A

Mollusca

32
Q

How many species of mollusks are there?

A

Approximately 85,000 species

32
Q

In gastropods, the mantle can be one of two things? What are the two things?

A

Can secrete the shell or be purely vestigal

33
Q

What are the three classes of the phylum Mollusca?

A

Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, and Bivalvia

33
Q

Gastropods are predominantly vegetarians. How many species are there and what are the examples?

A

60,000-80,000 living species of snails and slugs

34
Q

How many species of cephalopods are there and what are examples?

A

Approximately 11,000 species of octopuses, squids, nautilus, and more

34
Q

How many species of bivalves are there and what are examples of them?

A

Approximately 9,200 species of clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels

35
Q

What are two characteristics of the class Bivalvia?

A

Two-part hinged shell and sessile filter feeders

36
Q

The phylum Annelida has how many species and what type of worms?

A

Approximately 17,000 species of segmented worms

37
Q

What are examples of the phylum Annelida?

A

Earthworms, leeches

38
Q

While most annelids live in freshwater or seawater, some live in the what?

A

Soil

39
Q

The phylum Annelida has what that help them move through the soil? Earthworms have how many per segment

A

Setae and 4 per segment

40
Q

Earthworms are hermaphroditic but when they reproduce sexually, the what is used to secrete mucus to help stick together and creates a cocoon for the eggs?

A

Clitellum

41
Q

While we know there are approximately 1,870,000 species of arthropods, how many could there be?

A

5 to 40 million

42
Q

Arthropods make up what percent of all animal species?

A

85%

43
Q

Spiders, insects, crustaceans, scorpions, ticks, centipedes, and millipedes are examples of what phylum?

A

Arthropoda

43
Q

Spiders and crustaceans both have approximately how many species?

A

40,000 species

44
Q

While we know there are 1.5 million species of insects, there could be up to how many species?

A

30 million species

45
Q

How many centipede and millipede species are there?

A

Approximately 8,000 species

46
Q

How many species of scorpions are there?

A

1,400 species

47
Q

How many tick species are there?

A

100+

48
Q

Malpighian tubules, spiracles, six legs, and most can fly are examples of what class?

A

Insecta

49
Q

What three body parts do insects have?

A

Head, thorax, abdomen

50
Q

In insect spiracles, what diffuses in and out?

A

CO2 out, O2 in

51
Q

The Loxosceles reclusa or violin spider, is more commonly known as what?

A

Brown recluse

52
Q

The phylum Echinodermata is how many species and what are examples?

A

Approximately 6,000 species of sea lilies, star fish, brittle star, sea cucumber, sea urchin, and sand dollars

53
Q

Having radial symmetry based on 5, spiny-skinned, and marine species are characteristics of what phylum?

A

Echinodermata

54
Q

What is a unique trait of echinoderms?

A

A water-vascular system

55
Q

A hydraulic system used by echinoderms for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration; canals connecting numerous tube feet is what?

A

A water-vascular system

56
Q

Echinoderms can regenerate through what but can also sexually what?

A

Asexual fragmentation and reproduce

Biology 101 (17 decks)

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