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Vertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

All chordates have what type of symmetry?

A

Bilateral

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2
Q

Most chordates are in what class?

A

Vertebrates

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3
Q

All chordates have what three characteristics?

A

A complete digestive system, cephalization, and an endoskeleton.

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4
Q

A tube-within-a-tube body plan goes from mouth to anus, but is it an incomplete or complete digestive system?

A

Complete digestive system

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5
Q

Supports organs, size, efficient movement, and support are four characteristics of what?

A

An endoskeleton

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6
Q

What are the seven classes of the phylum Chordata in the kingdom Animalia?

A

Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia

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7
Q

The class Agnatha is made up of what type of fish? How many species?

A

Jawless fishes with 100 species

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8
Q

A skeleton of cartilage and a slender, eel-shaped body are two characteristics of what class?

A

Agnatha

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9
Q

What are two examples of the class Agnatha?

A

Sea lamprey and hagfish

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10
Q

While most fishes in the Agnatha class are either fresh or saltwater, what can swim in both?

A

Sea lamprey

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11
Q

Live birth, laying eggs, or eggs carried by other until hatching and cartilage skeletons are two characteristics of what fish?

A

Chondrichhyes

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12
Q

The class Chondrichthyes is made up of what type of fish and how many species?

A

Cartilaginous fishes of approximately 1,140 species

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13
Q

Approximately how many species of sharks are there?

A

Approximately 440 species

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14
Q

Approximately how many species of rays are there?

A

Approximately 500 species

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15
Q

Approximately how many species of skates are there?

A

Approximately 200 species

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16
Q

Sharks “fly” through the water due to what scientific principle?

A

Bernoulli’s principle

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17
Q

What is the smallest shark that is living? Scientific name is etmopterus perryi

A

Dwarf lanternshark

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18
Q

The largest living fish is the what?

A

Whale shark

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19
Q

How long ago did the megalodon live?

A

25-1.6 million years ago

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20
Q

5% or how many species of sharks must swim to breath?

A

24

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21
Q

What are examples of sharks that must swim to breathe?

A

Mako sharks, hammerheads, great whites, whale sharks, reef sharks, and etc.

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22
Q

The class Osteichthyes are made up of what fishes and how many species are there?

A

Bony fishes of approximately 34,000 species

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23
Q

The largest class of chordates is the what class and contains over 50% of chordates?

A

Osteichthyes

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24
Q

Cold-blooded, maintain buoyancy, 97% lay eggs (most externally fertilized) are three characteristics of what class?

A

Osteichthyes

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25
The smallest fish of the class Osteichthyes is what and what is the size? What family is it part of?
Paedocypris progenetica between 9.8 to 10.3 mm and is a member of the carp family
26
The largest fish of the class Osteichthyes is what?
Ocean sunfish
27
What are examples of Osteichthyes?
Leafy seadragon, ocean sunfish, gulpers, anglerfish, and dunkleosteus
28
Gulpers live how many feet below the ocean surface?
10,000 feet below
29
Anglerfish live how many feet below the surface?
3,000 feet below
30
The class Amphibia is made up of what animals and how many species?
Frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians of approximately 6,800 species
31
Cold-blooded, lay eggs, 50% of respiration across moist skin, and live in a water/moist habitat are characteristics of what class?
Amphibia
32
The smallest known vertebrate is found in what country and is in what class?
Papua New Guinea and amphibia
33
The smallest known vertebrate is what size and what is its name?
7.7 mm and paedophryne amaunsis
34
Are all toads poisonous? Why is this and where are they located?
Yes due to paratoid glands located behind toads' eyes that secrete a moderately potent toxin known as bufotoxin
35
The largest salamander in the US is the what? Where is the largest salamander in the world found?
Eastern hellbender and Japan
36
There has been a what to what percent drop in hellbender numbers since 995%
60-80%
37
The drop in number of hellbenders is due to what?
Mining runoff (lead), fertilizers, and agricultural runoff
38
Where are caecilians found?
South America, Africa, and south Asia
39
Cold-blooded, lay eggs, and sightless are three characteristics of what animals?
Caecilians
40
The class Reptilia is made up of what animals and how many species?
Crocodiles, alligators, lizards, snakes, turtles, and tortoises of approximately 8,400 species
41
Scaly, waterproof skins that help allow them to live in the driest and hottest places, cold-blooded, and amniotic eggs laid on dry land are characteristics of what class?
Reptilia
42
Thinner snout and teeth always visible are two characteristics of what animal?
Crocodiles
43
Light-tan color and found on many places on Earth are two characteristics of what animal?
Crocodiles
44
Aggressive and 23 different species are two characteristics of what animal?
Crocodiles
45
Broad snout and can't see teeth without mouth closed are two characteristics of what animal?
Alligators
45
Grayish-black color and found in southeast United States and some parts of China are two characteristics of what animal?
Alligators
46
Tend to run away and 2 different species (American and Chinese) are two characteristics of what animal?
Alligators
47
How many species of snakes are there?
Approximately 2,800 species
48
How many species of lizards are there?
Approximately 4,800 species
49
What are two characteristics lizards possess that snakes do not have?
Have eyelids and external ear openings
50
What is the difference between turtles and tortoises?
Tortoises have more rounded and dented shells where turtles have thinner, more water-dynamic shells.
51
How many species of sea turtles are there?
Seven species
52
What class were dinosaurs in?
Reptilia
53
Birds are in what class and how many species are there?
Aves and approximately 10,000 species
54
Birds are living what?
Dinosaurs
55
Winged, bipedal, warm-blooded reptiles, and lay amniotic eggs on dry land are characteristics of what class?
Aves
56
The class Mammalia has how many species? What animals?
Approximately 5,500 species of whales, elephants, echidna, mice, armadillos, shrews, bats, primates, dogs, marsupials, cats, and more
56
Mammary glands, hair, and warm-blooded are three characteristics of what class?
Mammalia
57
What three groups are in the class Mammalia? Which is the largest and how many species?
Monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. The largest group is placentals with approximately 4,000 species
58
How many marine mammals are there?
120 species
59
What is the largest animal ever?
The blue whale
60
Marine mammals include what?
Cetaceans, pinnipeds, sea otters, sirenians, and polar bears
61
What are four examples of pinnipeds?
Seals, sea lions, fur seals, and walruses
62
What are three examples of cetaceans?
Dolphins, porpoises, and whales
63
Two examples of sirenians are what?
Dugongs and manatees
64
The scientific name for polar bears is what?
Ursus maritimus
65
Monotremes are what type of mammal? How many species are there?
Egg laying mammals and five species
66
What are two examples of monotremes?
Echidna and platypus
67
What is the scientific name of the platypus?
Ornithorhynchus anatinus
68
Wallaby, kangaroo, koala, wombat, Tasmanian devil, dasyure (quoll), phalanger, opossum, and Thylacine are examples of what?
Marsupials
69
The only North American marsupial is the what and how long has it been around?
The opossum, or didelphis virginana
70
The opossum was named by the what tribe?
Virginia Algonquian (Powhatan)
70
Opossum means white what or what?
Dog or beast
70
Another name for the Thylacine was what? When did it go extinct? Scientific name?
Tasmanian tiger, 1936, and thylacinus cynocephalus
71
Placental mammals are named after what?
The placenta the baby/fetus is grown in
72
Canines and primates are both what group of mammals?
Placentals

Biology 101 (17 decks)

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