Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Question 1

In latin, which word means poison?

Answer 1

Virus

Question 2

Non-living and smaller than 200 nanometers are two characteristics of what thing?

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Which organism is always adapting and evolving, which makes vaccines ineffective?

Answer 3

Viruses

Question 3

Which virus was the first virus that had a picture taken of it?

Answer 3

Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 4

This was the 2012 corona virus and has a 36% viral lethality. Which of these four viruses is it: COVID-19, seasonal flu, SARS, or Middle Eastern Respiratory Virus

Answer 4

Middle Eastern Respiratory Virus

Question 5

As of March 2020, this virus lethality was 2.3% but it is now 1.0%. Which of these four viruses is it: COVID-19, seasonal flu, SARS, or Middle Eastern Respiratory Virus

Answer 5

COVID-19

Question 6

This viral lethality is 0.1%. Which of these four viruses is it: COVID-19, seasonal flu, SARS, or Middle Eastern Respiratory Virus

Answer 6

Seasonal flu

Question 7

In 2002, this viral lethality was 9-10%. Which of these four viruses is it: COVID-19, seasonal flu, SARS, or Middle Eastern Respiratory Virus

Answer 7

SARS

Question 8

Type of nucleic acid, size and shape, how it infects host, and the protein and spikes on membrane or capsid are the four ways of what?

Answer 8

How a virus is named

Question 9

What is found only in viruses?

Answer 9

Capsids

Question 10

An envelope embedded with spikes or protein capsid embedded with viral spikes, a core of DNA or RNA, capsid and/or bilayer membrane, and three to a few hundred genes are characteristics of what?

Answer 10

Viruses

Question 10

Do viruses infect prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or both cells?

Answer 10

Both

Question 11

The four things a virus takes from the host:

Answer 11

Enzymes, tRNA, ATP, and ribosomes

Question 11

How many genes does HIV have?

Answer 11

9 genes

Question 12

Viruses are what parasites and are they host specific?

Answer 12

Intracellular and yes

Question 13

How many types of entry binding spikes are there for viruses? What is the letter used for it?

Answer 13

18 types, H

Question 14

How many types of exit binding spikes are there for viruses? What is the letter used for it?

Answer 14

11 types, N

Question 15

H5N1 is what virus?

Answer 15

Bird Flu

Question 16

The immune system makes what after realizing the H and N spikes it has been exposed to?

Answer 16

Antibodies

Question 17

What are the two domains of prokaryotes?

Answer 17

Bacteria and archaea

Question 18

What first evolved 3.5-4.0 million years ago?

Answer 18

Prokaryotes

Question 19

No nucleus or membrane bound organelles is a characteristic of what?

Answer 19

Prokaryotes

Question 20

This domain has a rigid cell wall, a slime layer capsule, plasma membrane, and some have flagella.

Answer 20

Bacteria

Question 21

There are how many species of bacteria on the skin?

Answer 21

182 species

Question 22

The ratio of cells to bacterial cells is 10:1?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What are the three bacteria shapes?

Answer 23

Cocci, spirilla, and bacilli

Question 23

Salmonella, meningitis, chlamydia, anthrax, pneumonia, and botulism are all examples of what?

Answer 23

Bacterial illnesses

Question 24

Two genera of cyanobacteria are what?

Answer 24

Oscillatoria and anabaena

Question 25

Photosynthetic bacteria, live in water, soil, moist surfaces, form partnerships with other organisms, and filled atmosphere with oxygen 2.4 – 2.1 bya are examples of what?

Answer 25

Cyanobacteria

Question 26

When cyanobacteria die and decompose, they use up what in the water?

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

Nitrates and phosphates wash into waterways?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

How many species of bacteria are there?

Answer 28

9,000 species but could be up to tens of millions

Question 29

When was the first fossil of bacteria recorded?

Answer 29

3.5 bya

Question 30

How many species of archaea are there?

Answer 30

209 species

Question 31

Any any archaea harmful?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

Thermophiles, thermoacidophiles, and halophiles are three types of what?

Answer 32

Extremophiles

Question 33

Halophiles love what?

Answer 33

Salt

Question 34

What are two types of archaea?

Answer 34

Extremophiles and methanogens

Question 35

Thermoacidophiles and thermophiles live in temperatures above what?

Answer 35

80 degrees Celsius or 176 degrees F

Question 36

What are symbioses?

Answer 36

Organisms that form partnerships with other organisms

Question 37

What are two examples of symbioses?

Answer 37

Sponges and sea cucumbers