Cell Division / Stem Cells

Question 1

what are chromosomes made from?

Answer 1

highly coiled strands of relatively long DNA

Question 2

how many chromosome do humans have?

Answer 2

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 3

what must cells who divide using mitosis produce?

Answer 3

two identical daughter cells

Question 4

when chromosomes replicate, what do they result in?

Answer 4

x-shaped chromosomes with two ‘arms’ known as chromatids

Question 5

what are the 3 overall stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 5

1 - DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome, grows and copies its internal structures (mitochondria etc.)
2 - mitosis takes places, chromosomes pulled to each end of the cell, nucleus divides
3 - form two identical cells

Question 6

what are the overall functions of mitosis?

Answer 6

-essential for growth the development
-takes places when an organism repairs itself
-happens during asexual reproduction

Question 7

what is the definition of a stem cell?

Answer 7

an undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of dividing to many more cells of the same type

Question 8

what can be produced from an embryonic stem?

Answer 8

all different types of specialised cells within the body

Question 9

what is an example of an adult stem cell and what can it produce?

Answer 9

bone marrow - mainly cells of the blood (red blood cells, cells of the immune system)

Question 10

what can be produced from a meristem cell?

Answer 10

one cell has the ability to divide to produce a whole new plant