Cells Flashcards
(23 cards)
what organisms does a plant cell contain?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
what organisms does a plant cell contain?
nuclear, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
what is the function of the nucleus?
control general material - controlling the cells activities
what is the function of the cytoplasm?
where chemical reactions happen
what is the function of the cell membrane?
controls what substances pass in and out of the cell
what is the function of the mitochondria?
where energy is released, where most respiration happens
what is the function of ribosomes?
where proteins are made
what is the function of the cell wall?
provides strength and support for the plant
what is the function of the vacuole?
contains cell sap - helping it firm
what is the function of the chloroplasts?
contains green pigment called ‘chlorophyll’ in which photosynthesis occurs
what type of cells are animal and plant cells and why?
eukaryotic cells - both contain a nucleus
what is the definition of a eukaryotic cell?
they contain their genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus
what is the definition of a prokaryotic cell?
their genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a nucleus and they are much smaller than eukaryotic cells - DNA is in a single loop within the cytoplasm - plasmids may be present
what is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
a bacterial cell
what is the function of a nerve cell?
to coordinate information from the brain and spinal cord with the rest of the body - conduction of impulses
how are nerve cells adapted?
cell body - cellular structures are located, where protein synthesis happens
extensions - dendrites receive signals, axons transmit signals glowing neurone to communicate with other nerve cells
axon - speeds up nerve impulses
what is the function of a muscle cell?
contains layers of fibres allowing them to contract - contraction for movement
how are muscle cells adapted?
layers of protein filament - layers slide over each other to cause contractions
high density of mitochondria - providing sufficient energy for respiration
what is the function of a sperm cell?
tail helps propel them forward to reach the egg - fertilisation
what is the function of a root hair cell?
absorption of water and minerals from the soil
how are root hair cells adapted?
root hair increase surface area - uptake of water by osmosis is greater
thinner walls - water can move easily, short diffusion distance
what is the function of a xylem vessel?
transport tissue and water for dissolved ions
what is the function of phloem cells?
transport of dissolved sugars and amino acids
