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Biology 12 > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Simplest unit of life found in all living things

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2
Q

4 things living things must be able to do

A

Grow
Obtain nutrients/excrete waste
Reproduce
Be responsive to their environment

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3
Q

Unicellular

A

Only contains one cell

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4
Q

Multicellular

A

Contain multiple genetically identical cells

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5
Q

Genetically identical

A

Contain same DNA

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6
Q

Multicellular organism cells can differ in what?

A

Shape size and function

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7
Q

Order of cellular organization

A

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems

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8
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells that are similar in shape size function and capable of recognizing and sticking to eachother

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9
Q

Ex. of tissues

A

Stomach lining- tissue consisting of cells that resist acid and produce chemicals that help break down food

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10
Q

Organs

A

Groups of different tissues working together to perform a specialized function

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11
Q

Ex. Of organ

A

Heart- contains cardiac muscle tissue for movement, nervous tissue for timing and initiating contractions, and connective tissues for holding chambers together

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12
Q

Organ systems

A

Groups of organs that have related functions in body

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13
Q

Ex. Of organ systems

A

Lungs, trachea, and blood vessels work together to form respiratory system

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14
Q

Organelles

A

Structures inside a cell which perform necessary functions for cellular survival

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15
Q

Categorization of cells

A

-Cells
-Prokaryotic to bacteria
-Eukaryotic to animals and plants

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16
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Simplest cells lacking all membrane bound organelles

Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells

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17
Q

Only organisms that contain prokaryotic cells

A

Bacteria and archaea

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18
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Largest and most complex cells containing diversity of membrane bound organelles

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19
Q

Are animals and plants prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Membrane bound organelle responsible for providing cell with energy

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21
Q

Cristae

A

Finger like projections caused due to folding of mitochondria’s inner membrane

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22
Q

What specializes in cellular respiration

A

Cristae

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23
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process of deriving energy from broken down nutrients
Food particles are reacted with oxygen molecules at the Cristae producing water carbon dioxide and energy

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24
Q

What process produces water coat on dioxide and energy

A

Cellular respiration

25
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Basic unit of energy in all living things
26
What happens when a chemical reaction that requires energy occurs?
-Molecule ATP breaks one of its phosphate bonds which transfers energy -when ATP used up, becomes ADP which returns to Cristae to have phosphate replenished
27
1/3 of energy from a sugar molecule gets converted into what?
ATP
28
2/3 of energy from a sugar molecule gets converted into what?
Heat
29
What is the only other human organelle besides nucleus to contain DNA?
Mitochondria
30
Which organelle used to be a free living bacteria?
Mitochondria
31
Endosymbiosis
One organism living with another
32
How are mitochondria inherited
From the mothers egg (reproduce separately)
33
Cytoplasm
Fluid contained in the cell outside of the nucleus
34
Nucleoplasm
Fluid contained inside of the nucleus
35
Nucleus
Organelle responsible for storing/protecting cells genetic information (DNA) and directing protein synthesis
36
Chromosomes
Coiled, threadlike structures where cell DNA is stored
37
Nuclear membrane
Double layered outer membrane of nucleus responsible for forming barrier between DNA and cytoplasm
38
Endoplasmic reticulum
Series of membranous canals that emanate from nucleus and extend through cytoplasm Space between 2 layers of the nuclear membrane
39
What does the ER allow?
Rapid transportation of materials throughout cell
40
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
ER covered in ribosomes giving bumpy texture under microscope Allow for rapid production/secretion of proteins
41
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
ER that lacks ribosomes giving smooth appearance under microscope Responsible for producing lipids
42
Ribosomes (4 points)
Organelle responsible for producing proteins Can be found attached to ER or suspended in cytoplasm
43
What is the smallest organelle that lacks membrane?
Ribosomes
44
What organelle is found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes
45
What do ribosomes on the RER make proteins for?
Outside of the cell
46
What do ribosomes in the cytoplasm make proteins for?
Inside of the cell
47
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi body
Membrane bound organelles responsible for packaging proteins/lipids to leave the cell
48
Lipids/proteins destined to leave the cell go from which organelle to which organelle
ER to Golgi body
49
What does the Golgi body do with received proteins/lipids?
Wraps them in membrane and attaches glycoproteins that allow them to pass through cell membrane
50
Glycoproteins
Molecules made up of protein/sugar
51
Lysosomes
Membrane bound organelles that move freely through cytoplasm Use a combo of enzymes and free radicals to rip apart unwanted proteins
52
What 3 things do lysosomes do?
Recycle old cell parts, break down food particles and destroy pathogens
53
Pus
When cells are dying faster than body lysosomes can recycle dead parts and results in buildup
54
Cell membrane
Membranous envelope that surrounds cytoplasm, holds contents of cytoplasm in place and regulate transport in and out of cell
55
What organelle imports nutrients/excretes waste?
Cell membrane
56
Cell wall
Plant cell structure surrounding cell membrane Provides shape/rigidity to cell Made of cellulose
57
Vacuole
Large fluid filled sack in plant cell Stores nutrients/water
58
Plastids
Organelles found in plant cell Produce/store sugar molecules

Biology 12 (10 decks)

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