Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiratory system

Answer 1

Organ system responsible for gas exchange in the body

Question 2

3 main gases being exchanged

Answer 2

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water vapour

Question 3

3 levels of respiration

Answer 3

Cellular
Internal
External

Question 4

Cellular respiration

Answer 4

Chemical reaction occurring at the cellular level
Oxygen and sugar react to produce water, carbon dioxide and ATP
Occurs in the mitochondria

Question 5

Internal respiration

Answer 5

Exchange of gas molecules across walls of capillaries
Transports oxygen from red blood cells to tissue and transports carbon dioxide in opposite direction

Question 6

External respiration

Answer 6

Exchange of gases between blood and air

Question 7

2 sites of entry/exit of gases to/from body

Answer 7

Nasal cavities
Mouth

Question 8

Pharynx

Answer 8

The central cavity where nasal cavities and mouth lead to

Question 9

At the end of pharynx, what 2 directions can air go?

Answer 9

Trachea
Esophagus

Question 10

Trachea

Answer 10

Large channel surrounded in cartilage rings which keeps it open

Question 11

What part of the airway has no role in respiration?

Answer 11

Esophagus

Question 12

Where does the trachea lead to?

Answer 12

Bronchi

Question 13

Bronchi

Answer 13

The 2 main channels which lead to left and right lungs
Also uses rings of cartilage to keeps airway open

Question 14

What do bronchi branch out into?

Answer 14

Bronchioles

Question 15

What do bronchioles lack? What do they have in replacement?

Answer 15

Cartilage rings
Muscles that are capable of changing diameter

Question 16

What is at the end of bronchioles?

Answer 16

Alveoli

Question 17

Alveoli

Answer 17

Very tiny bulbs wrapped in capillaries where external respiration occurs

Question 18

How does exchange proceeed?

Answer 18

According to difference in oxygen concentration between alveoli and red blood cells
High oxy concentration in alveoli + low oxy concentration in blood = diffusion of oxygen from higher to lower concentration (to the blood)

Question 19

What does hemoglobin produce when it binds to oxygen? Where does this molecule go?

Answer 19

Produces carbon dioxide
Travels out of blood and into alveoli

Question 20

What happens to carbon dioxide that doesn’t leave your bloodstream?

Answer 20

Dissolves into plasma and reacts with water to produce carbonic acid

Question 21

What does your body use to limit effects of carbonic acid or blood pH?

Answer 21

A buffer called bicarbonate

Question 22

Why is bicarbonate so important for the blood?

Answer 22

Bad pH can denature blood
Bicarbonate prevents this

Question 23

What happens when solid particles enter bronchioles?

Answer 23

Can cause scarring = prevents gas exchange or can block air flow

Question 24

Epiglottis

Answer 24

Important structure in keeping bronchioles free of solid debris

Question 25

Nasal hairs

Answer 25

Block solid particles from reaching pharynx through nasal cavities

Question 26

Cilia

Answer 26

Tiny, hair-like structures which line inside of nasal cavities, pharynx, and trachea

Question 27

Which direction do cilia sweep?

Answer 27

Towards the stomach

Question 28

Where do cilia in trachea sweep towards?

Answer 28

Pharynx

Question 29

What are cilia covered in?

Answer 29

Mucus

Question 30

Mucus

Answer 30

Traps solid particles, removing them from airways

Question 31

Breathing

Answer 31

Process of transporting air into and out of lungs

Question 32

What is breathing the result of?

Answer 32

Pressure differences between environment and thoracic cavity

Question 33

Pleural pressure

Answer 33

Air pressure in thoracic cavity

Question 34

Inspiration/inhalation

Answer 34

The inflation of lungs with air from the environment Pleural pressure decreases, volume of thoracic cavity increases

Question 35

Expiration/exhalation

Answer 35

Pleural pressure increases, volume of thoracic cavity decreases, causing lungs to deflate and push air into environment

Question 36

What is pleural pressure controlled by?

Answer 36

Diaphragm

Question 37

Diaphragm

Answer 37

Muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 38

What happens when diaphragm is relaxed?

Answer 38

Forms an upwards arc that increases pleural pressure

Question 39

What happens when diaphragm contracts?

Answer 39

Flattens, decreasing pleural pressure and drawing air into lungs

Question 40

Hiccup

Answer 40

The rapid contraction and relaxation of diaphragm causing air to rapidly enter/re-exit the body

Question 41

Larynx

Answer 41

Contains 2 sheets of ligament which vibrate as air passes by them causing sound to be produced

Question 42

Where is the larynx located?

Answer 42

Trachea

Question 43

Vocal chords

Answer 43

The special sheets of ligaments in the larynx

Question 44

What decides the different sounds produced in vocal cords?

Answer 44

The tension of vocal cords