Digestive System

Question 1

Digestive system

Answer 1

System of organs responsible for breaking down food molecules and absorbing nutrients

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Process of breaking down food into molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body

Question 3

Nutrients

Answer 3

Molecules that must be absorbed for body to function properly

Question 4

Alimentary canal

Answer 4

Long winding tract that begins at mouth and extends to anus

30 ft long

Question 5

Absorption

Answer 5

Transport of digested nutrients from digestive to circulatory system

Question 6

Mouth

Answer 6

Site of ingestion

Question 7

Ingestion

Answer 7

Process of taking in food molecules

Question 8

What does the mouth specialize in?

Answer 8

Digestion of carbohydrates

Question 9

Saliva

Answer 9

Activates taste buds
Lubricates food
Uses enzymes to digest foods (mainly carbs)

Question 10

Amylase

Answer 10

Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches (carbs) into smaller polysaccharide chains

Question 11

Chemical digestion

Answer 11

Digestion using enzymes

Question 12

Mechanical digestion

Answer 12

Digestion that occurs due to movement of tissue

Question 13

Primary site for mechanical digestion

Answer 13

Mouth
Performed by teeth

Question 14

Esophagus

Answer 14

Responsible for transporting food from mouth to stomach

Question 15

Peristalsis

Answer 15

Use of muscle contractions to move food

Question 16

Sphincters

Answer 16

Specialized muscles that restrict movement of food/fluid

Question 17

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 17

Sphincter at bottom of esophagus
Controls how much food enters stomach

Question 18

Stomach

Answer 18

Primary site of food storage

Question 19

What does the stomach specialize in the digestion of?

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

What cells does the lining of the stomach contain?

Answer 20

Parietal cells
Peptic cells

Question 21

Parietal cells

Answer 21

Produce Hydrochloric acid (stomach acid)

Question 22

Peptic cells

Answer 22

Release enzyme called pepsinogen

Question 23

What happens to pepsinogen once activated in stomach?

Answer 23

Turns into pepsin

Question 24

Pepsin

Answer 24

Breaks down proteins into short polypeptide chains

Question 25

Ulcer

Answer 25

Site where stomach breaks down and is exposed to HCL

Question 26

Plyoric sphincter

Answer 26

At bottom of stomach Controls how much digested food leaves stomach

Question 27

Small intestine

Answer 27

Primary site of absorption and digestion of lipids

Question 28

3 sections of small intestine

Answer 28

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 29

Duodenum

Answer 29

Short section after pyloric sphincter that wraps around pancreas

Question 30

Pancreas

Answer 30

Primary site of enzyme production in digestive system

Question 31

Peptidases

Answer 31

Pancreatic enzymes that specialize in breaking down polypeptide chains into smaller chains Ex. Trypsin

Question 32

Disaccharases

Answer 32

Break down short carb chains into single monosaccharides Ex. Lactase

Question 33

Lipase

Answer 33

Break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 34

Emulsification

Answer 34

Process of breaking down fat globules

Question 35

Liver

Answer 35

Produces substance called bile

Question 36

Where is bile stored?

Answer 36

Gall bladder

Question 37

Bile

Answer 37

Emulsifies ingested lipids; released into duodenum

Question 38

Why is duodenum different PH than stomach acid

Answer 38

Blood vessels along duodenum pump bicarbonate ions into HCL, causing neutralization reaction

Question 39

Jejunum

Answer 39

Primary site of nutrient absorption Lined with tube-like structures called villi

Question 40

Villi

Answer 40

Shaped like thin tubes along intestinal wall to maximize surface area Nutrients are absorbed into villi then into bloodstream

Question 41

What do access monosaccharides get stored in the liver cells as?

Answer 41

Glycogen

Question 42

Ileum

Answer 42

Re absorbs substances necessary for digestion (enzymes, bile, vitamins)

Question 43

Ileocecal valve

Answer 43

Controls passage of fluid from small to large intestine

Question 44

Large intestine (colon)

Answer 44

Final major organ of digestive system Re absorbs water that enters from ileum Home to the gut microbiome

Question 45

Diarrhea

Answer 45

When waste passes to quickly through large intestine and water is not absorbed

Question 46

Colonic bacteria

Answer 46

Bacteria from microbiome living in large intestine

Question 47

Vitamins created by colonic bacteria

Answer 47

Vitamin B12 Vitamin K Riboflavin Thiamine

Question 48

Rectum

Answer 48

Stored solid waste material (feces)

Question 49

Final sphincter of alimentary canal

Answer 49

Anal sphincter (anus)