Cell structure, function and organization

Question 1

Life organization (smallest to largest)

Answer 1

Chemical level > Organelle > Cells > tissues (made up of cells w/ similar structure and function) > organs > organ systems > organism (made up of 1 or more organ systems)

Question 2

Modern cell theory

Answer 2

1) the cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
2) all living things are made up of cells
3) all cells come from other preexisting cells

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

network of fibers that provides structural support for the cells and organelles
-Helps w/ cellular movement

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

intracellular structures made of both RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis
-AA’s- small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes (DNA)
-Nucleolus- area inside of the nucleus of a cell that is made up of RNA and proteins and is where ribosomes are made

Question 7

ER

Answer 7

large dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis, and lipid movement
-Rough ER
-Provides surface area for chemical reactions, protein transport
-Smooth ER
-Makes cellular products like hormones and lipids
-Detoxification

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

generated most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

-type of plastic (saclike organelle w/ 2x membrane) that services as a site for photosynthesis
-only in plant cells

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

-Contains digestive enzymes that breakdown excess or worn-out cell parts
-May be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

-Animal cell: help sequester waste products
-Plant cell: maintain water balance

Question 12

Chemical level

Answer 12

Interactions among atoms and their combo into molecule

Question 13

Negative feedback

Answer 13

Any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted

Ex. Maintenance of normal BP

Question 14

Positive feedback

Answer 14

-rare in healthy individuals
-when a deviation from a normal value occurs, the response of the system is to make the deviation even greater
-usually creates cycle leading away from homeostasis and, in some cases, results in death
-ex.
-Inadequate delivery of blood to cardiac muscle
-childbirth