Integumentary System Flashcards
(24 cards)
Functions
-Homeostasis
-Regulating internal body temp and fluid balance
-Physical barrier
-Protection from pathogens
-Vit D production
-Sensory functions
Epidermis
Keratinocytes found here
-Produces keratin
-Protein that enhances water resistance and toughness of cells (langerhans cells and melanocytes originate within Stratum Spinosum and Stratum Basale - deepest layer and make their way to Stratum Corneum and undergo cornification)
-Cornified cells- hardened, flattened, and tough- dead cells- lost organelles and now filled w/ keratin
Epidermis layer (superficial to deep)
1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum basale
Acronym: Come Let’s Get Sun Burned
Stratum Corneum
Made up of keratin and lipids
Stratum Lucidum
-Thick, clear layer of dead skin cells found in thick skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
-Also consists of cornified cells- protein that gives transparent like appearance
Stratum Granulosum
Thin layer of cells that contains granules of lipids to form a waterproof layer
Stratum Spinosum
-Keratinocytes held together by Desmosomes to make skin flexibility and strong
-Langerhaans cells
-Tissue macrophage of skin
Stratum Basale
-Single columnar or cuboidal row of cells that divide to replace the epidermis as it wears away
-Melanocytes
-Cell in skin and yes that produces and contains the pigment Melanin
-Melanin transferred to keratinocytes in structures called melanosomes
-Calluses due to Stratum Basale
Dermis
-Contains blood vessels unlike epidermis
-Contains connective tissue, sweat glands, nerves, and hair follicles
-Non-epidermal connective tissues glue everything together
-Proteins made by fibroblasts
-Elastin
-Elasticity
-Collagen
-Structural support
Dermis layers
-Papillary layer (superficial)
-Consists of looser connective tissue
-Reticular layer (deeper)
-Connective tissue that is more densely packed together
Scars
-Fibrous connective tissue develops and leaves a mark on the skin
-Created if the wound happens in dermis layer
-Scar tissue- reduced elasticity- can impact mobility
-Structures like sweat glands and hair follicles are not regenerated in that scar tissue
Keloid
Irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar due to increase collagen production
Hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue layer
-Connected the skin to non and muscle tissue
-Adipose tissue found here
-Provides insulation
Sweat glands
as sweat evaporates, the surface of the skin cools
-Thermoregulation
-Blood vessels also do this
-Vasodilation release heat (when hot)
-Vasoconstriction to retain heat (when cold)
Sebaceous glands
-Waterproof and lubricate the skin and hair
-Maintain skin health and moisture of keratinocytes
Hair follicles
-Hair bulb undergoes mitosis to drive hair root growth
-Hair shaft- visible part of hair
-Composed of keratin
-Non-living
Nails
-Originate from epidermis
-Nail root undergoes mitosis to drive nail growth
-Nail body- visible part
-Composed of keratinocytes
Basal cell carcinoma
abnormal, uncontrolled growth of basal cells
Melanoma
tumor of melanin-forming cells
Squamous cell carcinoma
cancer growth that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin
1st degrees burn
outer layer of the skin (epidermis)
Minor inflammation and redness
2nd degrees burns
extends through the epidermis into the upper layer of the dermis
-Swelling, blistering, and significant pain
4th degree burns
reaches beyond all layers of skin into tissue, bones, and muscles
-Loss of function
Epithelial tissue
Classified according to the # of cell layers and shapes
Functions:
-protecting underlying structures
-acting as barriers
-permitting the passage of substances
-secreting substances
Ex. Skin, lining of internal organs
