Solution Properties, Osmosis, Diffusion

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind
-Waterstrider can crawl on water due surface tension created by cohesi

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

binding or attraction between dissimilar molecules, atoms, surfaces, and substances

Question 3

Covalent bond of H2O

Answer 3

-Oxygen:
-6 valence e-
-After covalent bond: 8
-8 protons and 8 e- (2 in inner shell)
-Very electronegative- tends to attract more e-‘s towards itself than hydrogen
-Partial (-) charge
-Hydrogen:
-1 valence e-
-After covalent bond: 2
-Partial (+) charge
-Very polar
-Allows H2O molecules to easily bond w/ each other
-Cohesion
-Partial (-) charge O of 1 H2O can bond w/ a partially (+) H of another H2O to form a Hydrogen bond
-Gives dissolving property, surface tension, and high boiling point
-Particularly good at dissolving polar substances, due to partial charge on their molecules
-Hydrophilic: polar substances (alcohol) and ionic compounds (salt)

Question 4

Solution

Answer 4

homogeneous mixture of 1 or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 5

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 5

uniform composition
-Ex. Salt dissolves in water

Question 6

Heterogeneous solution

Answer 6

non-uniform composition
-Ex. Pebbles in water- does not dissolve in water

Question 7

Solute

Answer 7

Smaller amount

Question 8

Solvent

Answer 8

Large amount

Question 9

Concentration

Answer 9

The measure of of the amount of solutes that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution

Question 10

Molarity

Answer 10

of moles of solute per one liter of solution

-M=moles/L
-Ex. 2M=2moles/L

Question 11

Dilution

Answer 11

process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent
-M1V1=M2V2

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

spontaneous net movement of diffusion of solvent molecules (water) through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential

Question 13

Hypotonic solution

Answer 13

lower solute (relative to other side)
-Lower solute concentration of salts and sugars than the blood
-Solutes flow into the blood cell

Question 14

Isotonic solution

Answer 14

-Contains the same concentration of water and solutes
-No osmotic flow

Question 15

Hypertonic solution

Answer 15

higher solute (relative to other side)
-Higher solute concentration of salt and sugar than the blood
-Solutes flow out of the blood cell

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

net movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration driven by a gradient in free energy or chemical potential

Question 17

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

-via protein channel
-form of passive transport

Question 18

Factors affecting diffusion

Answer 18

-Distance- greater the distance the slower the diffusion rate
-Temp.- higher temp causes an increase in diffusion rate
-Solvent characteristics- increased density can slow molecules down decreasing diffusion
-Traveling characteristics- greater the mass the lower the diffusion rate

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

molecules move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration using ATP