Ch 1 & Atlas A Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Our hands are ____ because they can encircle an object such as a branch or tool. The presence of an _________ is important to this.
A
prehensile, opposable thumb
2
Q
Set Point
A
the middle point in a dynamic equilibrium
3
Q
Deduction
A
process by which a medical researcher predicts what the results of an experiment will be if their hypothesis is correct
4
Q
Scientific Theory
A
founded on a large body of evidence and summarizes what is already known
5
Q
Where would pain from the gallbladder be felt?
A
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
6
Q
What does the Urinary System do?
A
regulates blood volume, controls acid-base balance, and stimulates red blood cell production
7
Q
Mesenteries
A
the translucent membranes that suspend the intestines and hold them in place
8
Q
Retroperitoneal
A
Organs that lie within the abdominal cavity but not within the peritoneal cavity. They lie behind (retro/posterior) to the peritoneal cavity
9
Q
Where would the liver be found?
A
extends from the hypochondriac region to the epigastric region
10
Q
Is the heart in the pericardial cavity?
A
No, the heart is enfolded by the pericardial cavity but not contained within it
11
Q
The kidneys
A
Retroperitoneal
12
Q
What quadrant is the Sigmoid Colon in?
A
Lower Left Quadrant (LLQ)
13
Q
Where would you feel pain from an appendicitis?
A
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
14
Q
Section
A
actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy
15
Q
plane
A
imaginary flat surface passing through the body
16
Q
Sagital Plane
A
Passes vertically, dividing the body into right and left segments
17
Q
Median (midsagital) Plane
A
divides the body into equal right and left segments
18
Q
Frontal (coronal) Plane
A
extends vertically diving the body into anterior and posterior segments
19
Q
Transverse Plane
A
passes across body perpendicular to vertical axis; divides body into superior and inferior segments
20
Q
3 main body planes
A
Sagital, Frontal (coronal), and Transverse
21
Q
Definition of directional terms
A
describe location of one structure relative to another
22
Q
2 Main Body Regions
A
Axial & Appendicular
23
Q
Cephalic Region
A
head
24
Q
Facial Region
A
Face
25
Cervical Region
Neck
26
Thoracic Region:
Sternal Region - sternum , Pectoral Region - pectoral muscle
27
Umbilical Region
Navel (bellybutton)
28
Abdominal Region
Abdomen
29
Inguinal Region
Groin
30
Pubic Region
Pubis / external genitalia
31
Femoral Region
Thigh
32
Patellar Region
Knee
33
Crural Region
Shin
34
Tarsal Region
Ankle
35
Plantar Region
Sole of foot
36
Acromial Region
Shoulder
37
Axillary Region
Armpit
38
Brachial Region
Arm
39
Cubital Region
Anterior elbow pit
40
Antebrachial
Forearm
41
Carpal Region
Wrist
42
Palmar Region
Palm
43
Coxal Region
Hip
44
Cranial Region
skull (posterior)
45
Nuchal Region
posterior neck
46
Interscapular Region
Between the scapula (shoulder blades)
47
Scapular Region
Shoulder blade (scapula)
48
Vertebral Region
Spinal column
49
Lumbar Region
Loin (Lower back)
50
Sacral Region
between the hips
51
Gluteal Region
buttock
52
Perineal Region
region between the anus and external genitalia (taint)
53
Femoral Region (Posterior)
Thigh
54
Popliteal Region
posterior pit behind the knees
55
Crural Region (posterior, aka sural region)
calf
56
Tarsal (posterior)
ankle
57
Calcaneal Region
Heel
58
Axial Region
Consists of head, neck, and trunk. Trunk is divided into Thoracic Region (superior to diaphragm) and Abdominal Region (inferior to diaphragm)
59
4 Quadrants of abdomen
RUQ LUQ
RLQ LLQ
60
9 Regions of abdomen
R Hypochondriac Region Epigastric Region L Hypochondriac
R Lumbar Region Umbilical Region L Lumbar Region
R Inguinal Region Hypogastric Region L Inguinal Region
61
Appendicular Region
Consists of the upper and lower limbs
62
Upper Limb Components
Arm (Brachial) , Forearm (antebrachial) , wrist (carpal) , hand , and fingers (digits)
63
Lower Limb Components
Thigh (femoral) , leg (crural) , ankle (tarsal) , foot, and toes (digits)
64
Segment
region of limb between one joint and the next
65
Body Cavities Definition
Lined with a membrane and contain internal organs (viscera)
66
Visceral and Parietal Layer Definitions
Visceral = inner layer against organ , parietal = outer or more superficial layer
67
List of Major Body Cavities
Cranial, Vertebral Canal, Thoracic (pleural and pericardial cavities) , Abdominopelvic (abdominal & pelvic cavities)
68
Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Canal
Cranial Cavity is enclosed by the cranium which houses the brain. Continuous with the vertebral canal which is enclosed by the vertebral column, they are connected. Both lined with 3 membrane layer called the Meninges.
69
Thoracic Cavity
Superior to the diaphragm. Lined with a serous membrane
70
Mediastinum
Thick median wall the divides the thoracic cavity in half, separates the lungs. Region between the lungs containing the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea & bronchi, and thymus gland
71
Pericardium
2 layer membrane that enfolds the heart.
Visceral layer - inner layer that forms surface of the heart
Parietal layer - outer layer
Pericardial Cavity - separates the 2 layers and is filled with pericardial fluid that lubricates the cavity and allows for free movement of the heart
72
Pleura
2 layer membrane enclosing each lung.
Visceral Pleura - external surface of the lung
Parietal Pleura - lines the inside of the ribcage
Pleural Cavity - narrow space between the 2 layers that is filled with pleural fluid that lubricates the cavity and allows for movement of lungs
73
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Contains the abdominal cavity (superior) and the pelvic cavity (inferior). The brim is a bony landmark of the pelvis that marks the beginning of the pelvic cavity. The abdominal and pelvic cavities are continuous; there is no physical wall separating them. Pelvic cavity is notable narrower and tilts posteriorly
74
Periotoneum
2 layered serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity.
Parietal Peritoneum - outer layer, lines the cavity wall
Visceral Peritoneum - along the posterior midline, the parietal layer turns inward and becomes the visceral peritoneum suspending some abdominal viscera from body wall, covering their outer surfaces, and holding them in place.
75
Peritoneal Cavity
Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneums, lubricated by peritoneal fluid
76
Intraperitoneal
organs encircled by the peritoneum and connected to the posterior body wall
77
Mesentery
name for the visceral peritoneum at points where is forms a membraneous curtain suspending and anchoring viscera
78
Serosa
name for peritoneum where it enfolds and covers outer surfaces of organs like stomach and small intestines
79
Posterior Mesentery
suspends intestines from posterior abdominal wall
80
mesocolon
posterior mesentery of the large intestine
81
Greater Omentum
fatty membrane that hangs from inferolateral side of the stomach and covers intestines like an apron
82
Lesser Omentum
extends from superiormedial part of stomach to liver
83
potential spaces
under unusual circumstances membranes that are normal pressed tightly against one another may separate and fill with fluid or other matter
84
Integumentary System (organ & funtions)
Organs: skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands
Functions: protection, thermoregulation, water retention, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication
85
Skeletal System (organs & functions)
Organs: Bones, cartilages, ligaments
Functions: support, movement, blood formation, protective enclosure of viscera, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid-base balance
86
Muscular System (organs & functions)
Organs: skeletal muscles
Fuctions: movement, stability, production of heat, communication, control of body openings
87
Lymphatic System (organs & functions)
Organs: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsil
Functions: recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease
88
Respiratory System (organs & functions)
Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Functions: absorption of oxygen, discharge of CO2, acid-base balance
89
Urinary System (organs & functions)
Organs: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions: elimination of wastes, regulation of blood volume & pressure, stimulation of red blood cell formation, control of fluid & electrolyte & acid-base balance, detoxification
90
Nervous System (organs & functions)
Organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia (clusters of nerve cells)
Functions: rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control & sensation
91
Endocrine System (organs & functions)
Organs: Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries
Functions: hormone production, internal chemical communication & coordination
92
Circulatory System (organs & functions)
Organs: heart, blood vessels
Functions: distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
93
Digestive System (organs & functions)
Organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Functions: nutrient breakdown & absorption. Liver functions include metabolism of carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma proteins; disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing of blood.
94
Male Reproductive System (organs & functions)
Organs: testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, penis
Functions: production & delivery of sperm; secretion of sex hormones
95
Female Reproductive System (organs & functions)
Organs: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Functions: production of eggs; site of fertilization & fetal development; fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones
96
Rostral
toward the forehead or nose
97
Caudal
toward the tail or inferior end
98
part of a hip bone is an _____ , while the final portion of the small intestine is the ____.
ilium, ileum
99
First anatomist to publish an Atlas of anatomy
Vesalius
