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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch 1 & Atlas A > Flashcards

Ch 1 & Atlas A Flashcards

1
Q

Our hands are ____ because they can encircle an object such as a branch or tool. The presence of an _________ is important to this.

A

prehensile, opposable thumb

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2
Q

Set Point

A

the middle point in a dynamic equilibrium

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3
Q

Deduction

A

process by which a medical researcher predicts what the results of an experiment will be if their hypothesis is correct

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4
Q

Scientific Theory

A

founded on a large body of evidence and summarizes what is already known

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5
Q

Where would pain from the gallbladder be felt?

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

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6
Q

What does the Urinary System do?

A

regulates blood volume, controls acid-base balance, and stimulates red blood cell production

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7
Q

Mesenteries

A

the translucent membranes that suspend the intestines and hold them in place

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8
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Organs that lie within the abdominal cavity but not within the peritoneal cavity. They lie behind (retro/posterior) to the peritoneal cavity

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9
Q

Where would the liver be found?

A

extends from the hypochondriac region to the epigastric region

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10
Q

Is the heart in the pericardial cavity?

A

No, the heart is enfolded by the pericardial cavity but not contained within it

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11
Q

The kidneys

A

Retroperitoneal

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12
Q

What quadrant is the Sigmoid Colon in?

A

Lower Left Quadrant (LLQ)

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13
Q

Where would you feel pain from an appendicitis?

A

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

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14
Q

Section

A

actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy

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15
Q

plane

A

imaginary flat surface passing through the body

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16
Q

Sagital Plane

A

Passes vertically, dividing the body into right and left segments

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17
Q

Median (midsagital) Plane

A

divides the body into equal right and left segments

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18
Q

Frontal (coronal) Plane

A

extends vertically diving the body into anterior and posterior segments

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19
Q

Transverse Plane

A

passes across body perpendicular to vertical axis; divides body into superior and inferior segments

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20
Q

3 main body planes

A

Sagital, Frontal (coronal), and Transverse

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21
Q

Definition of directional terms

A

describe location of one structure relative to another

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22
Q

2 Main Body Regions

A

Axial & Appendicular

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23
Q

Cephalic Region

A

head

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24
Q

Facial Region

A

Face

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25
Q

Cervical Region

A

Neck

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26
Q

Thoracic Region:

A

Sternal Region - sternum , Pectoral Region - pectoral muscle

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27
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Navel (bellybutton)

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28
Q

Abdominal Region

A

Abdomen

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29
Q

Inguinal Region

A

Groin

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30
Q

Pubic Region

A

Pubis / external genitalia

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31
Q

Femoral Region

A

Thigh

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32
Q

Patellar Region

A

Knee

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33
Q

Crural Region

A

Shin

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34
Q

Tarsal Region

A

Ankle

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35
Q

Plantar Region

A

Sole of foot

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36
Q

Acromial Region

A

Shoulder

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37
Q

Axillary Region

A

Armpit

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38
Q

Brachial Region

A

Arm

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39
Q

Cubital Region

A

Anterior elbow pit

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40
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

41
Q

Carpal Region

A

Wrist

42
Q

Palmar Region

A

Palm

43
Q

Coxal Region

A

Hip

44
Q

Cranial Region

A

skull (posterior)

45
Q

Nuchal Region

A

posterior neck

46
Q

Interscapular Region

A

Between the scapula (shoulder blades)

47
Q

Scapular Region

A

Shoulder blade (scapula)

48
Q

Vertebral Region

A

Spinal column

49
Q

Lumbar Region

A

Loin (Lower back)

50
Q

Sacral Region

A

between the hips

51
Q

Gluteal Region

A

buttock

52
Q

Perineal Region

A

region between the anus and external genitalia (taint)

53
Q

Femoral Region (Posterior)

A

Thigh

54
Q

Popliteal Region

A

posterior pit behind the knees

55
Q

Crural Region (posterior, aka sural region)

A

calf

56
Q

Tarsal (posterior)

A

ankle

57
Q

Calcaneal Region

A

Heel

58
Q

Axial Region

A

Consists of head, neck, and trunk. Trunk is divided into Thoracic Region (superior to diaphragm) and Abdominal Region (inferior to diaphragm)

59
Q

4 Quadrants of abdomen

A

RUQ LUQ

RLQ LLQ

60
Q

9 Regions of abdomen

A

R Hypochondriac Region Epigastric Region L Hypochondriac

R Lumbar Region Umbilical Region L Lumbar Region

R Inguinal Region Hypogastric Region L Inguinal Region

61
Q

Appendicular Region

A

Consists of the upper and lower limbs

62
Q

Upper Limb Components

A

Arm (Brachial) , Forearm (antebrachial) , wrist (carpal) , hand , and fingers (digits)

63
Q

Lower Limb Components

A

Thigh (femoral) , leg (crural) , ankle (tarsal) , foot, and toes (digits)

64
Q

Segment

A

region of limb between one joint and the next

65
Q

Body Cavities Definition

A

Lined with a membrane and contain internal organs (viscera)

66
Q

Visceral and Parietal Layer Definitions

A

Visceral = inner layer against organ , parietal = outer or more superficial layer

67
Q

List of Major Body Cavities

A

Cranial, Vertebral Canal, Thoracic (pleural and pericardial cavities) , Abdominopelvic (abdominal & pelvic cavities)

68
Q

Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Canal

A

Cranial Cavity is enclosed by the cranium which houses the brain. Continuous with the vertebral canal which is enclosed by the vertebral column, they are connected. Both lined with 3 membrane layer called the Meninges.

69
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Superior to the diaphragm. Lined with a serous membrane

70
Q

Mediastinum

A

Thick median wall the divides the thoracic cavity in half, separates the lungs. Region between the lungs containing the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea & bronchi, and thymus gland

71
Q

Pericardium

A

2 layer membrane that enfolds the heart.
Visceral layer - inner layer that forms surface of the heart
Parietal layer - outer layer
Pericardial Cavity - separates the 2 layers and is filled with pericardial fluid that lubricates the cavity and allows for free movement of the heart

72
Q

Pleura

A

2 layer membrane enclosing each lung.
Visceral Pleura - external surface of the lung
Parietal Pleura - lines the inside of the ribcage
Pleural Cavity - narrow space between the 2 layers that is filled with pleural fluid that lubricates the cavity and allows for movement of lungs

73
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Contains the abdominal cavity (superior) and the pelvic cavity (inferior). The brim is a bony landmark of the pelvis that marks the beginning of the pelvic cavity. The abdominal and pelvic cavities are continuous; there is no physical wall separating them. Pelvic cavity is notable narrower and tilts posteriorly

74
Q

Periotoneum

A

2 layered serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity.
Parietal Peritoneum - outer layer, lines the cavity wall
Visceral Peritoneum - along the posterior midline, the parietal layer turns inward and becomes the visceral peritoneum suspending some abdominal viscera from body wall, covering their outer surfaces, and holding them in place.

75
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneums, lubricated by peritoneal fluid

76
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

organs encircled by the peritoneum and connected to the posterior body wall

77
Q

Mesentery

A

name for the visceral peritoneum at points where is forms a membraneous curtain suspending and anchoring viscera

78
Q

Serosa

A

name for peritoneum where it enfolds and covers outer surfaces of organs like stomach and small intestines

79
Q

Posterior Mesentery

A

suspends intestines from posterior abdominal wall

80
Q

mesocolon

A

posterior mesentery of the large intestine

81
Q

Greater Omentum

A

fatty membrane that hangs from inferolateral side of the stomach and covers intestines like an apron

82
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

extends from superiormedial part of stomach to liver

83
Q

potential spaces

A

under unusual circumstances membranes that are normal pressed tightly against one another may separate and fill with fluid or other matter

84
Q

Integumentary System (organ & funtions)

A

Organs: skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands
Functions: protection, thermoregulation, water retention, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication

85
Q

Skeletal System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: Bones, cartilages, ligaments
Functions: support, movement, blood formation, protective enclosure of viscera, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid-base balance

86
Q

Muscular System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: skeletal muscles
Fuctions: movement, stability, production of heat, communication, control of body openings

87
Q

Lymphatic System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsil
Functions: recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease

88
Q

Respiratory System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Functions: absorption of oxygen, discharge of CO2, acid-base balance

89
Q

Urinary System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions: elimination of wastes, regulation of blood volume & pressure, stimulation of red blood cell formation, control of fluid & electrolyte & acid-base balance, detoxification

90
Q

Nervous System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia (clusters of nerve cells)
Functions: rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control & sensation

91
Q

Endocrine System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries
Functions: hormone production, internal chemical communication & coordination

92
Q

Circulatory System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: heart, blood vessels
Functions: distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

93
Q

Digestive System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Functions: nutrient breakdown & absorption. Liver functions include metabolism of carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma proteins; disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing of blood.

94
Q

Male Reproductive System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, penis
Functions: production & delivery of sperm; secretion of sex hormones

95
Q

Female Reproductive System (organs & functions)

A

Organs: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Functions: production of eggs; site of fertilization & fetal development; fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones

96
Q

Rostral

A

toward the forehead or nose

97
Q

Caudal

A

toward the tail or inferior end

98
Q

part of a hip bone is an _____ , while the final portion of the small intestine is the ____.

A

ilium, ileum

99
Q

First anatomist to publish an Atlas of anatomy

A

Vesalius

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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