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Anatomy & Physiology > CH 7 & CH 8 Skull > Flashcards

CH 7 & CH 8 Skull Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Osteology

A

the study of bone

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2
Q

Functions of Skeletal System

A

Acid-base balance, Blood formation, Protection (viscera), support

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3
Q

Calcification

A

deposition of calcium salts

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4
Q

What shape bone are vertebrae?

A

Irregular Shape

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5
Q

Ossification

A

process in which dense regular connective tissue hardens to form bone

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6
Q

Compact Bone

A

Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together

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7
Q

Diaphysis of long bone is made of what bone type?

A

Compact bone

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8
Q

Spongy (trabecular) Bone

A

always enclosed by more durable compact bone. Found in epiphysis of bones, distinguished by trabeculae

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9
Q

Eiphysis

A

expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach

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10
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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11
Q

Nutrient Foramen

A

Allows the passage of blood vessels into the bone

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12
Q

Perforating Fibers

A

Collagen fibers from the periosteum that firmly adhere the periosteum to the bone

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13
Q

Osteoblasts

A

cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum

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14
Q

Diploe

A

spongy bone tissue sandwiched between 2 layers of compact bone in the skull

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15
Q

Periosteum

A

connective tissue surrounding external surface of a bone

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16
Q

Osteogenic Cells

A

stem cells in the endosteum, periosteum, and central canals that become osteoblasts

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17
Q

What hormone do osteoblasts secrete?

A

Calcitonin

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18
Q

Endosteum

A

layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones

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19
Q

Canaliculi

A

narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae in osseous tissue

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20
Q

Functions of Osteocytes

A

act as strain sensors to adjust bone shape and density to adapt to stress, also resorb bone, and deposit bone

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21
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

Osteolysis (kill osteocytes)

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22
Q

Substance that makes up part of matrix of the bone

A

Calcium phosphate salt (part of the inorganic matter)

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23
Q

By dry weight, most of the matrix of bone is made of…

A

inorganic matter

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24
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

produce the organic component of bone matrix

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25
Lamellae
concentric rings of compact bone (the layers of bony matrix)
26
Where are lacunae located?
between the lamellae
27
Osteoclasts
bone dissolving cells on bone surfaces
28
What makes up the inorganic part of bone matrix?
Hydroxyapatite
29
Haversian or Central Canal
channel that extends longitudinally through the center of an osteon
30
Organic matter of bone matrix
constitutes 1/3 of dry weight, synthesized by osteoblasts and contains collagen and various protein-carbohydrate complexes
31
Inorganic matter of bone matrix
2/3 of dry weight, made up of about 85% hydroxyapatite (crystalized calcium phosphate salt)
32
Interstitial Lamellae
the irregular regions between osteons that contain the remains of old osteons
33
Red Bone Marrow
fills space between trabeculae in the epiphysis of a long bone (aka Myeloid Tissue) contains hemapoietic stem cells that generate red blood cells
34
Yellow Bone Marrow
Found in medullary (marrow) cavity of the diaphysis
35
Where is red bone marrow found in children?
In almost every bone. As an adult, it changes to yellow bone marrow
36
What is yellow bone marrow made of?
adipose cells that store energy (fat)
37
Where is red bone marrow found in adults?
axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdle
38
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Release
stimulated by low blood calcium level , raises blood calcium level
39
Calcitriol
raises blood phosphate levels
40
How are most fractures repaired?
By closed reduction (reset and held in place with a cast)
41
Stress Fracture
fracture in a healthy bone caused by abnormal trauma like a fall
42
Open Reduction
when surgery is needed to reset a fracture
43
Osteogenesis imperfecta
defect in collagen deposition that causes bones to be exceptionally brittle
44
Osteomalacia
softening of the bone due to decrease in mineralization
45
Osteomyelitis
an infection of the bone
46
Orthopedics
branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders
47
Osteitis Deformans
Excessive osteoclast proliferation resulting in weak, deformed bones (Paget Disease)
48
Sesamoid bone
forms within a tendon due to stress (ex Patella)
49
Head
prominent expanded end of a bone that is sometimes round
50
Spine
a sharp, slender, or narrow process of a bone
51
Alveolus
a pit or socket (tooth socket)
52
Fossa
a shallow, broad, or elongated basin
53
Fovea
a small pit
54
Sulcus
a groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel in cranium
55
Condyle
a rounded knob that articulates with another bone
56
Facet
a smooth, flat, articular surface
57
Crest
a narrow ridge
58
Epicondyle
an extended region superior to a condyle
59
Line
slightly raised, elongated ridge
60
Protuberance
a bony outgrowth or protruding part
61
Tubercle
a small, rounded process
62
The Sinuses
Spheniod, ethmoid, frontal, and maxillary
63
Paranasal Sinuses
add resonance to the voice and lighten the anterior portion of the skull
64
Calvaria
the group of bones that form the roof and walls of the skull
65
Anterior cranial fossa
houses frontal lobe
66
Middle cranial fossa
houses temporal lobes
67
Posterior cranial fossa
Houses cerebellum
68
Bones of the Cranium
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
69
Glabella
smooth, flat bone between supraorbital bones
70
Tympanic part of temporal bone
features the external acoustic meatus and the styloid process
71
Squamous part of temporal bone
flat and vertical part that contains the zygomatic process and mandibular fossa
72
Mastoid Part of temporal bone
posterior to tympanic part, filled with small air sinuses that communicate with middle ear cavity. Features mastoid process and mastoid foramen
73
Petrous part of temporal bone
contains the internal acoustic meatus and the middle and inner ear cavities and carotid canal and jugular foramen
74
Styloid Process
provides a site of attachment on the temporal bone for muscles of the tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone
75
Stylomastoid foramen
passage in temporal bone for facial nerve
76
Occipital condyles
where the skull rests on the vertebral column
77
Mastoid Process
prominent bump behind and below the ear that is filled with small air sinuses and serves as an attachment for major neck muscles
78
Inferior Nuchal Line
attachment site for some deep neck muscles
79
Lesser wing of Sphenoid bone
forms posterior margin of the anterior cranial fossa
80
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
forms one half of the middle cranial fossa and part of the lateral surface of the cranium
81
Sella turcia
saddle-like prominence in the body of the sphenoid bone that houses pituitary gland
82
Cribiform plate
thin medial plate of bone that forms the superior part of the nasal septum
83
Crista Galli
attachment site for dura mater
84
Superior nasal conchae
has sensory cells of smell
85
within the nasal septum, the perpendicular plate is part of...
the ethmoid bone
86
Palatine Process
processes of maxillary bone that forms the anterior 2/3 of the hard palate
87
Lacrimal bone
located between the maxillary and ethmoid bone and forms part of medial wall of orbit
88
Mental protuberance
chin
89
Nasal Septum
formed by Vomer and ethmoid bones
90
Auditory Ossicles
malleus, incus, and stapes. One set of 3 in each middle ear cavity. Part of the 7 bones closely associated with the skull but not apart of it. 7th bone is Hyoid bone (only bone in body that doesn't articulate with another bone. It is suspended above larynx but cartilage attached at sphenoid bone)
91
What does the mandiublar condyle articulate with?
the mandibular fossa
92
4 prominent fontanelles
anterior, posterior, sphenoid, and mastoid
93
Trochanter
to massive processes unique to the femur
94
Tuberosity
a rough, elevated surface
95
Process
any bony prominence
96
Canal
a tubular passage or tunnel in a bone
97
Fissure
a slit through a bone
98
Foramen
a hole through a bone, usually round
99
Meatus
a canal (associated with the ear)
100
Sinus
an air filled space in a bone

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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