Ch 10: Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the CV system?

Answer 1

Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels

Question 2

What are the 3 functions of Blood?

Answer 2

Transport
Regulation
Protection

Question 3

Which function of Blood is this:

• Deliver O2 and nutrients to body cells
• Transport metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination

Answer 3

Transport

Question 4

Which function of Blood is this:

• Maintain body temp by absorbing and distributing heat
• Maintain normal pH using buffers
• Maintain adequate fluid volume in circulatory system

Answer 4

Regulation

Question 5

Which function of Blood is this:

• Prevent infection (with white blood cells)
• Prevent blood loss

Answer 5

Protection

Question 6

What are the properties of Blood

Answer 6

• Liquid connective tissue
• Cells surrounded by plasma
• 8% body weight
• Color is reds

Question 7

What are the estimated volumes of blood in humans?

Answer 7

Males: 5-6L
Females: 4-5L

Question 8

What color is blood

Answer 8

Scarlet (high [O2])
Dark Red (low [O2])

Question 9

What is the pH of blood

Answer 9

7.35 - 7.45

Question 10

What is buffy coat?

Answer 10

Composed of white blood cells and platelets

Question 11

What are the 3 formed elements of Blood

Answer 11

Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets

Question 12

What are Erythrocytes?

Answer 12

Red Blood Cells

Question 13

Why aren’t red blood cells true cells?

Answer 13

Because there’s no nuclei

Question 14

What are Leukocytes?

Answer 14

White Blood Cells

Question 15

What are Thrombocytes?

Answer 15

Platelets

Question 16

Why aren’t platelets really cells?

Answer 16

Because they’re broken pieces of 1 cell

Question 17

What is blood plasma?

Answer 17

Straw-colored sticky fluid
About 90% water

Question 18

What are the dissolved solutes of plasma?

Answer 18

Nutrients
Gases
Hormones
Wastes
Proteins
Inorganic Ions

Question 19

What is the major plasma?

Answer 19

Protein

Question 20

What is the main protein in plasma?

Answer 20

Albumin

Question 21

What contains the protein Hemoglobin?

Answer 21

Red Blood Cells

Question 22

What does hemoglobin do?

Answer 22

Carries the oxygen

Question 23

What does Erythrocytes contribute to?

Answer 23

Blood Viscosity

(^ = thick, slow flow) (v = thin, rapid flow)

Question 24

Which blood cell doesn’t have the mitochondria?

Answer 24

Red Blood Cells

Question 25

What are the 2 most classified erythrocyte disorders?

Answer 25

Anemia and Polycythemia

Question 26

What is the disorder where one doesn't have enough oxygen?

Answer 26

Anemia

Question 27

How many oxygen molecules does each hemoglobin bind to?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

What is the disorder where one has too much oxygen?

Answer 28

Polycythemia

Question 29

What is this: - Abnormal excess of RBCs Increases blood viscosity, causing sluggish blood flow Increase risk of blood clots

Answer 29

Polycythemia

Question 30

What is this: - Contain a nucleus and organelles, but no hemoglobin - Normally < 1% of total blood volume - Increase is a normal response to infection - 5 major types

Answer 30

Leukocytes

Question 31

What is the main function of Leukocytes?

Answer 31

Protect against disease

Question 32

What are the 2 main categories of Leukocytes?

Answer 32

Granulocytes Agranolocyctes

Question 33

What are the 5 major types of Leukocytes?

Answer 33

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes

Question 34

What are the 2 types of Lymphocytes?

Answer 34

T Lymphocytes (T Cells) B Lymphocytes (B Cells)

Question 35

What do T lymphocytes do?

Answer 35

Act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells

Question 36

What do B Lymphocytes do?

Answer 36

Produce antibodies

Question 37

What is this: - Cancerous condition involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs

Answer 37

Leukemias

Question 38

What is this: - Formation of blood cells - Occurs in red blood marrow - Hemocytoblasts

Answer 38

Hematopoiesis

Question 39

What are hemocytoblasts?

Answer 39

Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 40

What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?

Answer 40

Hormone that stimulates formation of RBCs

Question 41

What is this: - Fragments of multinucleate cells - Needed for the clotting process - Age quickly and degenerate in about 10 days

Answer 41

Platelets

Question 42

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 42

Form temporary platelet plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels

Question 43

What is hemostasis?

Answer 43

It's a sequence of responses that stop bleeding

Question 44

What does the process of Hemostasis involve?

Answer 44

1. Vascular Spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood Clotting (coagulation)

Question 45

What is this: - Immediate response to blood vessel injury - Vasoconstriction causes blood vessel to spasm - Spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss

Answer 45

Vascular Spasm

Question 46

What is this: - Collagen fibers exposed by break in blood vessels - Platelets become sticky and cling to fibers Release chemicals to attract more platelets Platelets pile up

Answer 46

Platelet plug formation

Question 47

What is this: - Injured tissues release tissue factor - Interacts with clotting factors

Answer 47

Coagulation / Blood Clotting

Question 48

What is the clotting cascade in Coagulation?

Answer 48

Prothrombin is converted Thrombin Thrombin turns into Fibrinogen Fibrinogen turns into an insoluable Fibrin Fibrin forms a meshwork

Question 49

What is Thrombin?

Answer 49

An enzyme

Question 50

What are the 2 types of Hemostasis disorders?

Answer 50

Thromboembolic Disorders Bleeding Disorders

Question 51

What are thromboembolic disorders?

Answer 51

Undesirable clot formation

Question 52

What are bleeding disorders?

Answer 52

Prevent normal clot formation

Question 53

What is this: - A clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel - Can be deadly in areas such as the lungs

Answer 53

Thrombus

Question 54

What is this: - A thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in blood stream - Can later clog vessels in critical areas such as brain

Answer 54

Embolus

Question 55

What are the 2 types of bleeding disorders?

Answer 55

Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia

Question 56

What bleeding disorder is this: - Insufficient number of circulating platelets - Arises from any condition that suppresses the bone marrow

Answer 56

Thrombocytopenia

Question 57

What bleeding disorder is this: - Includes several similar hereditary bleeding disorders - Normal clotting factors are missing - Symptoms include prolonged bleeding, especially in joint cavities

Answer 57

Hemophilia

Question 58

What are Hematocrit Values?

Answer 58

% of RBCs in total blood volume

Question 59

What is Leukopenia?

Answer 59

Abnormally low WBC count

Question 60

What causes leukopenia?

Answer 60

Can be drug induced, particularly by anticancer drugs or glucocorticoids

Question 61

What does this cause: Decreased RBC numbers due to hemorrhage or increased destruction

Answer 61

Hypoxia

Question 62

What does this cause: Insufficient hemoglobin per RBC

Answer 62

Hypoxia

Question 63

What does this cause: Reduced availability of O2

Answer 63

Hypoxia