Ch 7: Nervous Tissue Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory (sense changes through sensory receptors)
Integrative (analyze incoming sensory info, make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors)
Motor (respond to stimuli)

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2
Q

What is the order things go through?

A

Sensory Receptor —— (through sensory input) —– Integration —— (brain and spinal cord) —— (through motor input) —– Effector

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of Motor Inputs?

A

Somatic and autonomic

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4
Q

Which input is afferent?

A

Sensory

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5
Q

Which input is efferent?

A

Motor

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6
Q

Where are most neuron cell bodies located in?

A

The CNS

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7
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

They receive information

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8
Q

What do axons do?

A

Send information through the action potential

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9
Q

What is the PNS?

A

Peripheral nervous system
(nerves come out of spinal cord and brain)

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10
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Central nervous system
(spinal cord and brain)

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11
Q

What is neuroglia?

A

Not electrically excitable
Make up about half the volume of the nervous system
can multiply and divide

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12
Q

What wraps around the axon?

A

Myelin Sheath

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13
Q

Where does the Schwann cells live?

A

in the PNS

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14
Q

Where does the oligodendrocytes live?

A

in the CNS

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of potentials?

A

Action Potential
Graded Potential

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16
Q

Which potential can communicate over short and long distances?

A

Action Potential

17
Q

Which potential can communicate over short distances only?

A

Graded Potential

18
Q

Production of an AP or a GP depends on:

A

Existence of a resting membrane potential
Existence of certain ions channel

19
Q

What do Ligand-Gated channels respond to?

A

Chemical stimuli (ligand binds to receptor)

20
Q

What do Voltage-Gated channels respond to?

A

Direct changes in membrane potential (voltage)

21
Q

What can a voltmeter measure?

A

Potential (charge) difference across membrane of resting cell

22
Q

Resting membrane potential of a resting neuron is approx what?

23
Q

What side of membrane is negatively charged relative to outside?

24
Q

Potential is generated by what?

A

Differences in ionic composition of ICF and EFC
Na+ / K+ pump

25
What is depolarization?
Decrease in membrane potential Moves to 0 and above
26
What is Hyperpolarization?
Increase in membrane potential Away from 0
27
Changes in Membrane Potential produce what 2 types of signals?
Graded potential Action Potential
28
Where does Action Potential occur?
IN muscle cells and axons of neurons
29
For an axon to "fire", what needs to happen?
Depolarization must reach threshold voltage to trigger AP
30
What is All-Or-Nothing when it comes to AP?
An AP either happens completely or doesn't happen at all
31
AP graph
SEE THE NOTES
32
Does AP die out?
No it self propagates
33
What is the Presynaptic neuron?
Neuron conducting impulses toward synapses (sends info)
34
What is the Postsynaptic neuron?
Cell transmitting electrical signal away from synapse Receives info May be another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell
35
What are the 3 ways the Neurotransmitter can be removed from the synaptic cleft?
1. Diffusion 2. Enzymatic degradation 3. Re-Uptake into Axon terminal
36
What are reflexes?
Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli
37
Reflexes occur over neuron pathways called what?
Reflex Arcs