Ch 11c: Cardiovascular System: Heart

Question 1

What changes if either or both SV and HR is changed?

Answer 1

CO

Question 2

CO is affected by factors leading to _________________ or _________________

Answer 2

Regulation of stroke volume
Regulation of Heart Rate

Question 3

What does SV stand for?

Answer 3

Stroke Volume

Question 4

What’s EDV?

Answer 4

End diastole Volume
(volume right before systole)

Question 5

What’s ESV?

Answer 5

End Systolic Volume
(Volume right before diastolic)

Question 6

What’s the equation for Stroke Volume?

Answer 6

SV = EDV - ESV

Question 7

What’s affected by length of ventricular diastole and venous pressure?

Answer 7

EDV

Question 8

What’s affected by arterial BP and force of ventricular contraction?

Answer 8

ESV

Question 9

What are the 3 main factors that affect SV?

Answer 9

Preload
Contractility
Afterload

Question 10

What’s Preload?

Answer 10

EDV; Load that’s started with

Question 11

What’s Contractility?

Answer 11

Increased efficiency
(thus moving to a new curve)

Question 12

What’s Afterload?

Answer 12

Force we are pumping against

Question 13

What’s Hypertension?

Answer 13

High Blood Pressure

Question 14

What carries blood away from the heart and to the body?

Answer 14

Arteries and Arterioles

Question 15

What exchanges vessels and connects Arterioles & Venules?

Answer 15

Capillaries

Question 16

What carries blood from the body to the heart?

Answer 16

Venules and Veins

Question 17

What Tunica is this:

• Endothelium
• Loose connective tissue

Answer 17

Tunica Intima

Question 18

What Tunica is this:

• Smooth muscle (thicker)
• Elastic fibers

Answer 18

Tunica Media

Question 19

What Tunica is this:

• Collagen fibers

Answer 19

Tunica Externa

Question 20

What only has endothelial cells?

Answer 20

Capillary

Question 21

What is vesoconstriction?

Answer 21

Diameter decreases

Question 22

What is vesodilate?

Answer 22

Diameter Increases

Question 23

What are capillary beds?

Answer 23

Interwoven network of capillaries

Question 24

Where do capillary beds drain into?

Answer 24

Postcapillary Venule

Question 25

What makes veins different from arteries?

Answer 25

They have thinner tunica interna and tunica medina

Question 26

What stops the blood from going back down (gravity)?

Answer 26

Valves Skeletal Muscle Pump

Question 27

______________: Volume of blood that flows through tissue over time period (mL/min)

Answer 27

Blood Flow

Question 28

Total blood flow is ________________

Answer 28

Cardiac Output

Question 29

______________ for individual organs vary, depending on organ's needs

Answer 29

Blood Flow

Question 30

__________ is needed to make blood flow

Answer 30

Pressure

Question 31

What is Arterial Pulse?

Answer 31

Alternative expansion and recoil of a blood vessel that occurs as the heart beats

Question 32

Where is Arterial Pulse monitored?

Answer 32

At pressure points

Question 33

What generates Blood Pressure?

Answer 33

Heart

Question 34

Pressure is highest in _________ and declines throughout ____________

Answer 34

Aorta Pathway

Question 35

What is pressure gradient?

Answer 35

Driving force to keep blood moving

Question 36

What are the 2 arterial blood pressures that are measured?

Answer 36

Systolic Diastolic

Question 37

What is Systolic pressure?

Answer 37

Pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction

Question 38

What is Diastolic pressure?

Answer 38

Pressure when ventricles relax

Question 39

How is blood pressure expressed?

Answer 39

Systolic pressure over Diastolic pressure

Question 40

What is resistance?

Answer 40

Opposition to flow

Question 41

What is Peripheral Resistance?

Answer 41

Amount of friction blood encounters with vessel walls

Question 42

What are the 3 important sources of resistance?

Answer 42

Blood Viscosity Total Blood Vessel Length Blood Vessel Diameter

Question 43

What does MAP mean?

Answer 43

Mean Arterial Pressure

Question 44

What does TPR mean?

Answer 44

Total Peripheral Resistance

Question 45

What is the equation for MAP?

Answer 45

MAP = CO x TPR

Question 46

What can we alter to change Pressure?

Answer 46

HR SV TPR

Question 47

What factors affect TPR?

Answer 47

Viscosity of fluid, length of vessel, diameter of vessel