Ch. 11- Fundamentals of Nervous System

Question 1

Function of the nervous system

Answer 1

communication & integration between brain and every cell of the body

Question 2

Anatomical divisions of the nervous system

Answer 2

Central nervous system (CNS) & Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

Central nervous system

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

31 spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves

Question 5

Functional divisions of the nervous system

Answer 5

Sensory (afferent) division and Motor (efferent) division

Question 6

Sensory (afferent) division

Answer 6

Periphery to the CNS; somatic and visceral pathways

Question 7

Motor (efferent) division

Answer 7

CNS to muscles and glands; somatic and visceral pathways

Question 8

Motor

Answer 8

Outgoing; Efferent

Question 9

Sensory

Answer 9

Incoming; Afferent

Question 10

Functional division for skeletal muscles

Answer 10

Somatic division; voluntary; ONE neuron to get from CNS to effector

Question 11

Functional division for cardiac muscle, smooth muscle & glands

Answer 11

Autonomic division; involuntary; TWO neurons to get from CNS to effector

Question 12

What structure is present in autonomic division that is not in somatic division?

Answer 12

peripheral ganglia

Question 13

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

fight or flight

Question 14

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 14

rest and digest

Question 15

Excitable cells in the nervous system

Answer 15

neurons

Question 16

Structural types of neurons

Answer 16

multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar

Question 17

Multipolar neuron

Answer 17

most common; exclusive to CNs; cell bodies in gray matter of brain or spinal cord; axons= tracts or nerves

Question 18

Multipolar neuron function

Answer 18

motor or interneuron

Question 19

Bipolar neuron

Answer 19

least common; sensory only

Question 20

Bipolar neuron function

Answer 20

special senses (taste; smell)

Question 21

Pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 21

cell bodies in PNS; axons in dorsal root ganglia; dendrite=central process; axon=peripheral process

Question 22

Pseudounipolar neuron function

Answer 22

sensory

Question 23

Functional types of neurons

Answer 23

Afferent, interneurons, efferent

Question 24

Afferent neuron

Answer 24

body (PNS) > CNS; sensory (incoming)

Question 25

Interneuron

Answer 25

entirely within CNS; 90% of total neurons; integration

Question 26

Efferent neurons

Answer 26

CNS > body (PNS); motor (outgoing)

Question 27

Astrocytes

Answer 27

(most numerous/many processes) anchor neurons together; form blood/brain barrier (alter capillary permeability); maintain chemical environment for neuronal signalling; mop up stray chemicals/neurotransmitters

Question 27

Nervous system support cells

Answer 27

neuroglial cells

Question 28

CNS neuroglial cells

Answer 28

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 29

Microglia

Answer 29

CNS macrophages (immune cell)

Question 30

Ependymal cells

Answer 30

line brain ventricles; secrete CSF; ciliated

Question 31

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 31

form myelin sheath in CNS

Question 32

PNS neuroglial cells

Answer 32

Schwann cells; satellite cells

Question 33

Schwann cells

Answer 33

form myelin sheath in PNS

Question 34

Satellite cells

Answer 34

Surround cell bodies in PNS

Question 35

Nucleus

Answer 35

group of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; make up gray matter in brain and spinal cord

Question 36

Tract

Answer 36

bundle of myelinated axons (nerve fibers) in the CNS; make up white matter in brain and spinal cord

Question 37

Ganglion

Answer 37

group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 38

Nerve

Answer 38

bundle of myelinated axons (nerve fibers) in the PNS

Question 39

Nerve structure

Answer 39

Nerve (covered by epineurium) -> fasicles (covered by perineurium) -> neuron (covered by endoneurium) -> myelinated sheath -> axon