Ch. 16- Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine Functions

Answer 1

Communicates via hormones (blood-borne chemical messengers)
Regulates metabolic activity
Growth & reproduction
Fluid/electrolyte balance

Question 2

Endocrine glands

Answer 2

functional systems; all endocrine glands release hormones into the blood to reach the target organ

Question 3

Pituitary gland

Answer 3

master endocrine gland, controlled by the hypothalamus

Question 4

Anterior pituitary

Answer 4

glandular tissue
-Growth hormone
-TSH (acts on thyroid follicle cells)
-ACTH (acts on adrenal glands)
-FSH/LH (acts on gonads- controls reproductive functions)
-Prolactin (stimulates lactation in females)

Question 5

Posterior pituitary

Answer 5

neural tissue
-Oxytocin (stimulates uterine contraction in childbirth)
-ADH (regulates water balance)

Question 6

Hypothalamus- anterior pituitary control

Answer 6

controls anterior pituitary via releasing/inhibiting hormones
(ex. GHRH- growth hormone releasing hormone; PIH- prolactin inhibiting hormone)

Question 7

Hypothalamus- posterior pituitary control

Answer 7

Controls posterior pituitary via action potentials

Question 8

Thyroid gland

Answer 8

controls overall body metabolism; affects virtually every cell in the body

Question 9

Thyroid hormone

Answer 9

regulates BMR; ensures formal functioning of nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, digestive and reproductive systems

Question 10

Parathyroid gland

Answer 10

located on posterior aspect of thyroid gland; functionally unrelated

Question 11

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 11

controls blood/calcium homeostasis

Question 12

Adrenal glands

Answer 12

located at superior aspect of kidneys
Two parts- Adrenal Cortex (glandular tissue); Adrenal Medulla (neural tissue)

Question 13

Pancreas

Answer 13

regulates blood glucose levels

Question 13

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 13

Glandular tissue
“sweet, salty, sex”
1) Cortisol- increases blood glucose to prepare for fight or flight (sweet)
2) Aldosterone- regulates sodium balance (salty)
3)Androgens- regulates sex drive (sex)

Question 14

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 14

Nervous tissue
Catecholamines (adrenaline) prepares body for fight or flight=adrenaline rush

Question 15

Pancreas hormones

Answer 15

Insulin- lowers blood glucose levels
Glucagon- increases blood glucose levels

Question 16

Ovaries

Answer 16

Female gonads
Hormones = estrogen and progesterone

Question 17

Testes

Answer 17

Male gonads
Hormones = testosterone

Question 18

Pineal gland

Answer 18

Melatonin

Question 19

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 19

hyposecretion of insulin from pangreas
Symptoms: polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger)

Question 20

Hypothyroidism

Answer 20

Decreased metabolic rate
Symptoms: lethargy, overweight, cold-intolerance, hair loss, weakness

Question 21

Hyperthroidism

Answer 21

Increased metabolic rate
Symptoms: insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia, underweight, exopthalmos (bulging eyes)

Question 22

Graves’ disease

Answer 22

autoimmune hypersecretion of thyroid hormone