Flashcards in Ch # 11 : Gastroenterology Deck (76):
1
2 different names 4 the system responsible 4 digesting the food we eat and absorbing the nutrient molecules
Gastrointestinal system
Digestive system
2
Organs involved includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, colon, rectum and anus
Accessory organs involved are the liver, gallbladder and pancreas
Gastrointestinal tract
3
The branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions affecting the lower GI tract
Includes organs between the esophagus and the rectum
Gastroenterology
4
A specialist that treats conditions including bleeding, cancer, infections, nutritional disorders, inflammatory disorders, diverticulosis, gallbladder disease, liver disease, gastroesophageal reflux and ulcers.
Gastroenterologist
5
3 suffixes meaning pertaining to
-al
-eal
-ic
6
2 suffixes meaning pain
-algia
-dynia
7
Suffix meaning protrusion
-cele
8
Suffix meaning surgical removal
-ectomy
9
Suffix meaning vomit
-emesis
10
Suffix meaning record
-gram
11
Suffix meaning the process of recording
-graphy
12
2 Suffixes meaning abnormal condition
-iasis
-osis
13
Suffix meaning inflammation
-itis
14
Suffix meaning 1 who studies
-logist
15
Suffix meaning study of
-logy
16
Suffix meaning tumor
-oma
17
Suffix meaning to surgically create an opening
-ostomy
18
Suffix meaning cutting in2
-otomy
19
Suffix meaning digestion
-pepsia
20
Suffix meaning eat or swallow
-phagia
21
Suffix meaning surgical repair
-plasty
22
Suffix meaning dropping
-ptosis
23
Suffix meaning instrument 4 viewing
-scope
24
Suffix meaning process of viewing
-scopy
25
Suffix meaning surgical crushing
-tripsy
26
Prefix meaning without
A-
27
Prefix meaning slow
Brady-
28
Prefix meaning painful or difficult
Dys-
29
Prefix meaning excessive
Hyper-
30
Prefix meaning many
Poly-
31
Combining form meaning anus
An/o
32
2 Combining forms meaning appendix
A small pouch attached 2 the cecum
Serves no known purpose
Appendic/o
Append/o
33
Combining form meaning bile or gall
A substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that aids in fat digestion
Transported to the duodenum by the common bile duct
Chol/e
34
Combining form meaning bile ducts
A series of ducts that transports bile between the liver, gallbladder and the duodenum
Cholangi/o
35
Combining form meaning gallbladder
Stores bile produced by the liver
Cholecyst/o
36
Combining form meaning common bile duct
The main duct that transports bile from the liver or gallbladder 2 the duodenum
Choledoch/o
37
2 Combining forms meaning colon
Receives undigested food from the intestine
Allows water 2 be reabsorbed in2 the body and what remains is feces
Is divided in2 the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and the sigmoid colon
Col/o
Colon/o
38
Term that includes the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anus
Large intestine
39
Combining form meaning diverticulum
Small abnormal pouch that forms off the intestinal or colon wall
Can become inflamed or infected
Diverticul/o
40
Combining form meaning duodenum
1st section of the intestine
Recieves food from the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver
Begins final digestion and absorption of nutrients
Duoden/o
41
Combining form meaning intestine
Recieves food from the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver
Where asorbtion of nutrients begins
Includes duodenum, jejunum and ileum
Enter/o
42
Combining form meaning esophagus
A muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach
Esophag/o
43
Combining form meaning stomach
A muscular sac producing hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes
Begins the digestive process by mixing food received from the esophagus w/acid called chime then leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum
Gastr/o
44
Combining form meaning liver
A complex organ that aids in fat digestion by producing bile
Hepat/o
45
Combining form meaning ileum
3rd section of the intestine
Receives food from the jejunum and completes process of digestion and nutrient absorption
Ile/o
46
Combining form meaning abdomen
A body cavity that houses organs of digestion, reproduction and excretion
Lapar/o
47
Combining form meaning pancreas
An organ that produces digestive enzymes
Pancreatic duct carries enzymes 2 the duodenum where they aid in food digestion
Pancreat/o
48
Combining form meaning polyp
Small mushroom-shaped tumors that grow on the mucus membranes of the colon and extend in2 the lumen of the colon
Can become cancerous
Polyp/o
49
Combining form meaning both the rectum and anus
Proct/o
50
Combining form meaning rectum
Final segment of the colon
Recieves feces from the sigmoid colon and stores it prior 2 elimination
Rect/o
51
Combining form meaning sigmoid colon
An s-shaped area of the colon
Feces pass out of the sigmoid colon and in2 the rectum
Sigmoid/o
52
Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
Ascites
53
2 different names 4 an X-ray examination of the intestine and the colon using barium as a contrast medium
Barium enema
(BE)
Lower GI series
54
Chronic liver disease
Cirrhosis
55
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) w/mucus membrane ulcers
Most often found in the ileum
Crohn disease
56
Acute intestinal condition w/pain, diarrhea and blood and mucus in the stools
Usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection
Dysentery
57
Congenital lack of the connection between the esophagus and the stomach
Food cannot enter the stomach
Esophageal atresia
58
Varicose veins in the esophagus
Results in massive bleeding if ruptured
Esophageal varices
59
3 different names 4 a clinical lab test 4 the presence of small amounts of blood in the feces
Fecal occult blood test
(FOBT)
Hemocrit
Stool guaiac test
60
2 different names 4 a surgical treatment 4 obesity
Portion of the stomach is stapled off and bypassed so that it holds less food
Gastric bypass
Stomach stapling
61
Occurs when stomach acid backs up in2 the esophagus
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)
62
Clinical lab test 4 the presence of bacteria known 2 cause gastric ulcers
Helicobacter pylori antibody test
63
Varicose veins in the rectum
Hemorrhoids
64
Obstruction of the intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through the digestive tract
Ileus
65
Occurs when 1 section of the intestine slips or telescopes in2 another section of the intestine
Intussusception
66
2 different names 4 the disturbance in the normal functioning of the bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea
Often associated w/stress
Irritable bowel syndrome
(IBS)
Spastic colon
67
Yellow-colored skin and whites of the eyes associated w/liver disease
Jaundice
68
Very dark, tarry stools due 2 the presence of blood
Melena
69
Feeling of the urge 2 vomit
Nausea
70
Clinical lab test 4 presence of parasites or their eggs in the feces
Ova and parasites
71
Crater-like erosion occurring on the mucus membrane of the lower esophagus, stomach and/or duodenum
Bleeding ulcer: when the ulcer eats in2 the blood vessel
Perforated ulcer: when the ulcer eats through the wall of the stomach allowing stomach acids 2 escape in2 the abdominal cavity
Peptic ulcer disease
(PUD)
72
Nutrient-complete solution given directly in2 the bloodstream when the individual cannot eat by the mouth
Total parenteral nutrition
(TPN)
73
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by the formation of ulcers on the mucus membrane of the colon
Ulcerative colitis
74
2 different names 4 a X-ray examination of the esophagus and the stomach using barium as the contrast medium
Upper gastrointestinal series
Barium swallow
75
Length of the bowel that becomes twisted around itself
Volvulus
76