Flashcards in CH # 16: Opthalmology Deck (93):
1
A sense organ that is responsible 4 vision
Light rays enter and travel through the cornea, pupil, iris, lens and land on the retina 2 produce an image which is then sent 2 the brain via the optic nerve
Accessory organs provide protection and include the conjunctiva, eyelids and lacrimal glands
Eyeballs
2
The diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of the eye and vision
Ophthalmology
3
Medical doctors who have completed at least 4 years of specialized training after completing medical school
They do vision examinations, corrective lens prescription, diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and condition and eye surgery
Ophthalmologists
4
Obtains a doctor of optometry degree after completing 4 years at a school of optometry
Optometrist
5
Specializes in assessing vision and prescribing corrective lens, treating glaucoma, corneal damage, visual skill problems, providing both pre and post surgical care and screens 4 other eye diseases
Optometry
6
5 Suffixes meaning pertaining 2
-a -ic
-ar -ous
-ary
7
Suffix meaning surgical removal
-ectomy
8
Suffix meaning process of recording
-graphy
9
Suffix meaning state or condition
-ia
10
Suffix meaning specialist
-ician
11
Suffix meaning inflammation
-itis
12
Suffix meaning stone
-lith
13
Suffix meaning 1 who studies
-logist
14
Suffix meaning the study of
-logy
15
Suffix meaning destruction
-lysis
16
Suffix meaning softening
-malacia
17
Suffix meaning an instrument 2 measure
-meter
18
Suffix meaning the process of measuring
-metry
19
Suffix meaning vision
-opia
20
Suffix meaning abnormal condition
-osis
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Suffix meaning cutting in2
-otomy
22
Suffix meaning disease
-pathy
23
Suffix meaning surgical fixation
-pexy
24
Suffix meaning fear
-phobia
25
Suffix meaning surgical repair
-plasty
26
Suffix meaning paralysis
-plegia
27
Suffix meaning drooping
-ptosis
28
Suffix meaning flow
-rrhea
29
Suffix meaning hardening
-sclerosis
30
Suffix meaning an instrument 2 view
-scope
31
Suffix meaning the process of viewing
-scopy
32
2 Prefixes meaning w/out
A-
An-
33
Prefix meaning half
Hemi-
34
Prefix meaning excessive
Hyper-
35
Prefix meaning w/in
Intra-
36
Prefix meaning small
Micro-
37
Combining form meaning water
The anterior areas of the lens that r filled w/a watery fluid called aqueous humor
Aque/o
38
Combining form meaning eyelid
Both upper and lower folds of skin that close 2 protect the anterior surface of the eyeball
Blephar/o
39
Name 4 eyelashes
Cilia
40
Combining form meaning choroid layer
The middle layer of the wall of the eyeball
Contains many blood vessels
Choroid/o
41
Combining form meaning conjunctiva
A mucus membrane that protects the anterior surface of the eyeball and turns underneath 2 line eyelids
Conjunctiv/o
42
2 Combining forms meaning pupil
The opening in the center of the iris
It becomes larger or smaller 2 control the amount of light that enters in2 the eyeball
Core/o
Pupill/o
43
Combining form meaning ciliary body
A ring of muscle around the outer edge of the lens
It's attached 2 the lens by suspensory ligaments
Cycl/o
44
It pulls on the edges of the lens 2 change its shape 2 focus the image on2 the retina
Suspensory ligaments
45
2 Combining forms meaning tear
The watery fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands that moisten and cleanse the anterior surface of the eyeball
Tears collect in the corner of the eye and flow through the lacrimal canals 2 the lacrimal sac
Dacry/o
Lacrim/o
46
The structures that r located superior and lateral 2 the eyeball and under the orbital bone
They create tears 2 protect and cleanse the eyeball
Lacrimal glands
47
2 Combining forms meaning iris
The colored portion of the eye
It's made of muscle and contracts or relaxes 2 change the size of the pupil
Ir/o
Irid/o
48
2 Combining forms meaning cornea
It's the anterior portion of the sclera
It's transparent 2 allow light through and curved 2 bend light rays so that they focus on the retina
Corne/o
Kerat/o
49
2 Combining forms meaning eye
It's a complex sensory organ that allows us 2 c
It's hollow but it's not an empty sphere
Wall of the eye has 3 layers: sclera, choroid and the retina
Ocul/o
Ophthalm/o
50
Combining form meaning vision
Opt/o
51
Combining form meaning lens
It's a transparent structure lying behind the iris and the pupil
It bends the light rays as they pass through so that it may be focused on the retina
Phac/o
52
Combining form meaning retina
The inner layer of the eyeball
Contains light receptors called rods and cones
Retin/o
53
A type of light receptor w/in the retina
They function in dim light and c in grey tones
Rods
54
A type of light receptor w/in the retina
They c color in bright light
Cones
55
Located on the posterior wall of the eyeball directly opposite of the lens
Has a small pit in it's center called the fovea centralis
Macula lutea
56
It's a small pit w/in the macula lutea
It contains only cones and is the point of clearest vision
Fovea centralis
57
Combining form meaning sclera or "white of the eye"
The outermost layer of the eye
It's very fibrous and tough
Scler/o
58
Combining form meaning tension or pressure
Ton/o
59
Combining form meaning glassy
It refers 2 the gel like shiny substance called the vitreous humor that fills the large open cavity between the lens and the retina
Vitre/o
60
The ability of the eye 2 adjust 2 variations in distance
Accommodation
(Acc)
61
2 names 4 the inability 2 c in color since birth
Achromatopsia
Color blindness
62
2 names 4 the loss of vision not due 2 a disease
It's not correctable w/glasses
The patient wears a patch over 1 eye 2 force the effected eye 2 work
Amblyopia
Lazy eye
63
The uneven bending of light rays that is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea
Image appears fuzzy but it's correctable w/cylindrical lenses
Astigmatism
(As, Ast)
64
When the lens becomes cloudy or opaque
It results w/the whole vision field becoming blurry
Treatment is usually the surgical removal of it and is then replaced by a artificial lens
Cataract
65
The use of multi colored charts 2 determine the ability of the patient 2 recognize color
Color vision tests
66
The scraping away of the outer layer of the cornea
Corneal abrasion
67
The procedure 2 remove the lens w/the cataract useing an extremely cold probe
Cryoextraction
68
The development of small hemorrhages and edema w/in the retina as a result of diabetes mellitus
Laser surgery can b necessary 4 treatment
Diabetic retinopathy
69
The bright green flourscent dye that is dropped on2 the surface of the eyeball 2 highlight cornea abrasions
Fluorescein
70
A procedure using intravenous bright green dye 2 examine the movement of blood through the blood vessels of the eye
Fluorescein angiography
71
A condition resulting from an increase in intraocular pressure
If left untreated it will result in the atrophy of the optic nerve and blindness
The patient notices that the vision becomes blurry around the edges and is treated w/medication and surgery
Glaucoma
72
2 names 4 a visual condition in which the person can c things in the distance but has trouble reading material at close range
Correctable w/convex lenses
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
73
2 replace the natural lens w/an artificial lens following cataract extraction
Intraocular lens (IOL) implant
74
The correction of myopia using laser surgery 2 remove minute slices of corneal tissue
Laser-assisted in-situ ker-atomileusis
(LASIK)
75
Using a laser 2 make pinpoint scars 2 stabilize a detached or torn retina
Laser retina photocoagulation
76
The deterioration of the macula Luna of the retina
The patient will notice a loss of vision in the center of their visual feild
Macular degeneration
77
2 names 4 a visual condition in which a person can c things up close but distance vision is blurred
Myopia
Nearsightedness
78
2 names 4 having poor vision at night or in dim light
Nyctalopia
Night blindness
79
The jerky-appearing involuntary eye movement
Nystagmus
80
A health care professional that is trained 2 make corrective and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses
Optician
81
The use of high frequency sound waves 2 break up a cataract which is then removes by suction w/a needle
Phacoemulsification
82
Having the excessive sensitivity 2 light that leads 2 the avoidance of light
Not an actual phobia of light
Photophobia
83
The use of a laser 2 reshape the cornea 2 improve visual acuity
Photo-refractive keratectomy
(PRK)
84
A surgery w/spoke like incisions in the cornea 2 flatten it
It's done 2 correct nearsightedness
Radial keratotomy
(RK)
85
A defect in the ability of the eye 2 bend light rays 2 focus an image properly on the fovea centralis
It occurs in myopia and hyperopia
Refractive error
86
It occurs when the retina becomes seperated from the choroid layer
This separation damages blood vessels and nerves resulting in blindness
Retinal detachment
87
An instrument used in ophthalmology 4 examining the posterior surface of the cornea
Slit lamp microscope
88
A chart used 4 testing visual acuity
It contains letters of various sizes and is given at a distance of 20 feet
Normal is 20/20 vision
Snellen chart
89
2 names 4 the weakness of the external eye muscle
It results w/both eyes looking in different directions at the same time
It can b corrected w/glasses, eye exercises and/or surgery
Strabismus
Cross eyed
90
The incision in2 the eye muscles 2 correct strabismus
Strabotomy
91
2 names 4 a small prurient infection of the sebaceous gland of the eye that is treated w/hot compresses and surgical incision
Stye
Hordeolum
92
The measurement of the sharpness of a patient's vision
Snellen chart is usually used 4 this test and normal is 20/20 vision
Visual acuity test
(VA)
93