ch 12

Question 1

translation

Answer 1

mRNA to protein

Question 2

main component of translation

Answer 2

ribosome tRNA, mRNA,

Question 3

where do ribosome get assembled

Answer 3

in nucleolus

Question 4

ribosome main purpose

Answer 4

decode mRNA, catalyze formation of peptide bonds bn amino acids (polypeptide polymerase)

Question 5

what are ribosome composed of

Answer 5

ribo RNa and ribo porteins

Question 6

prokaryote rib have - proteins

Answer 6

54

Question 7

eukaryotic ribosomes have - proteins

Answer 7

82

Question 8

”s” units

Answer 8

Svedberg unit
equal to 10^-13 seconds durring density gradient centrifugation
shape and size

Question 9

S increases with

Answer 9

particle mass

Question 10

small subunit parts

Answer 10

head, base, platform

Question 11

large unit parts

Answer 11

central protuberance, ridge, stalk

Question 12

t RNA binding sites

Answer 12

A (acceptor),P(hold peptide),E(exit)

Question 13

large submit

Answer 13

forms peptide bonds
has peptide transferase center

Question 14

small subunit

Answer 14

decode mRNA (charged tRNA decode thru codons),
attachment of mRNA for initiation

Question 15

nucleolus

Answer 15

non membrane bond subcompartment of nucleus

Question 16

site of 45S preibosomal RNA transcription

Answer 16

nucleolus

Question 17

45s pre rRNA contains what parts (3) and what is it processed by

Answer 17

28s, 18s, 5.8s
processed by snRNA

Question 18

5s rRNA is transcribed by

Answer 18

RNA pol III

Question 19

what subunits make the large part

Answer 19

28, 5.8, 5

Question 20

what subunits make the small part

Answer 20

18s

Question 21

what subunit binds to the mRNA first

Answer 21

small

Question 22

fidelity is dependent on

Answer 22

codon-anticodon recognition
aminoacyl tRNa synthesis

Question 23

aminoacyl tRNA synthetases

Answer 23

attaches amino acid to tRNA in 2 steps

Question 24

aminoacyl tRNA synthetases steps

Answer 24

1. amino acid reacts with ATP to adenylylate and pyrophosphate is released
2. AMP is released and acid is transferred to 3’ end

Question 25

how is specific amino acyl tRNA so specific

Answer 25

three letter amino acid designation

Question 26

uncharge tRNA

Answer 26

methionine tRNA

Question 27

charged tRNA

Answer 27

methionyl-tRNA

Question 28

aminoacyl tRNA is accurate bc

Answer 28

high fidelity selection proofreading

Question 29

kozak consensus sequence

Answer 29

start of translation in euk

Question 30

first amino acid added In euk translation

Answer 30

methionine

Question 31

initiation steps

Answer 31

1. ternary complex formed and put onto 40s subunit 2. loaded of mRNA 3 finding start codon 4 joining units of ribo to make the ribosomes

Question 32

Teninary complex is made of

Answer 32

Euk initiation factor (eif2) GTP Amino acid charged initiator (met tRNA)

Question 33

Ternary binds to

Answer 33

40s ribo subunit

Question 34

eIG4E and eIF4G plus extras like eIF4A associate with

Answer 34

5’ cap It unwinds any secondary structures

Question 35

43s complex is made once the thingy reads - going along the kozak consensus sequence

Answer 35

AUG

Question 36

60s can be loaded after

Answer 36

GTP is hydrolysis to gdp and eif5

Question 37

Maybe fr fr add ts later

Answer 37

Bruh

Question 38

When 2B is mutated

Answer 38

Loss of white matter- fatal - leukoencephalopathy

Question 39

elongation starts with

Answer 39

peptide tRNA in ribo p site

Question 40

how does aminoacyl-tRNA get carried to A site

Answer 40

as part of ternary complex with GTP bound eEF1A GTP hydrolysis

Question 41

peptide bond and translocation mediated by

Answer 41

eEF2, needs GTP hydrolysis

Question 42

peptide bond formation at

Answer 42

base of central protuberance in large ribo unit

Question 43

what catalyzes peptide formation

Answer 43

ribosomal RNA- forms catalytic center, decoding site, APE site, and interersubunit interface

Question 44

the ribosome is a

Answer 44

ribozyme

Question 45

Singal recognition particle (SRP)

Answer 45

binds to peptide and brings it to the ER

Question 46

After peptide is synthesized it goes from ribosome to

Answer 46

ER lumen

Question 47

stop codon (mutilple) recognize by

Answer 47

release factor eRF1 in associate with eRF3

Question 48

eRF1 and eRF3 is released with

Answer 48

GTP hydrolysis

Question 49

transcriptional and post translational control

Answer 49

control eIF2, blocks ternary complex formation

Question 50

hypoxia, viola infections, amino cid starvation, heat shock, may trigger

Answer 50

phosphorylation of alpha subunit of eIF2