ch 9

Question 1

Transcription factors are made in

Answer 1

cytoplasm

Question 2

how do transcription factors enter the nucleus

Answer 2

nuclear pore complex, nuclear localization/export signals

Question 3

karyopherins

Answer 3

Nuclear import/export receptors

Question 4

hormone receptors

Answer 4

hormones can diffuse directly into cell to interact with receptors

Question 5

when hormone receptors become activated it will

Answer 5

translate into nucleus and increase gene transcription

Question 6

what controls transcription

Answer 6

cellular compartmentalization, nuclear architecture, DNA-protein interactions, protein protein interactions, chromatin structure

Question 7

Pre initiation complex is made of

Answer 7

RNA poly II, 5 general transcription factors, mediators

Question 8

5 general transcription factors for initiation

Answer 8

recognize and unwind

Question 9

mediator

Answer 9

interacts with transcription factors that bind to enhancers, stimulate stimulates kinase activity of TFIIH, in conjunctions with enhancer

Question 10

TFFIID

Answer 10

recognizes TATA box, begins recruitment

Question 11

TFIIB

Answer 11

orients the complex, aligns RNA polymerase and recruits it

Question 12

TFIIF

Answer 12

highly associates RNA polymerase II to the DNA

Question 13

TFIIE

Answer 13

recruits TFIIH

Question 14

TFIIH

Answer 14

acts as helices and a kinase

Question 15

what activates C-terminal domain and activates the polymerase

Answer 15

phosphorylation of C-terminal domain

Question 16

transcription initiation steps

Answer 16

promoter melting
abortive initiaiton
promoter escape
pausing
pause release

Question 17

non core transcription factors

Answer 17

activate or repress transcription

Question 18

activators

Answer 18

stimulate recruitment/binding of general transcription factors/ RNA pol II, enzymatic activity of general transcription machinery, chromatin remodeling

Question 19

transcription factors parts

Answer 19

DNA binding domain motif, dimerization domain, transactivation domain

Question 20

DNA binding domain motif

Answer 20

helical turn helix, zinc finger, basic leucine sipper, basic helix loop helix

Question 21

transactivation domain is for

Answer 21

protein protein interaction

Question 22

dimerization domain

Answer 22

yes idk

Question 23

transcriptional coactivators/corepressors

Answer 23

protein protein interactions that are involved with chromatin modification

Question 24

coactivatros complex examples

Answer 24

chromatin modification complexes
chromatin remodeling complexes

Question 25

chromatin modification complexes examples

Answer 25

acetylation of lysines methylation of lynsines/ arginine ubiquitination of lysine phosphorylation of serines and theroine writes, erasers, readers others

Question 26

histone acetylation

Answer 26

binding site for activators or repressors, removes charge of lysine

Question 27

histone methylation

Answer 27

adds a CH3 group, positive charge added to side group

Question 28

histone unbiquitination

Answer 28

adds one ubiquintination to mod the shit

Question 29

phosphorylation

Answer 29

gene activation

Question 30

linker way to control chromatin

Answer 30

presence or absence of H1

Question 31

Chromatin remodling complexes

Answer 31

sliding remodling displacement replacement ALL ATP DEPENDANT!!!!!!

Question 32

RNA poly II can proofread

Answer 32

true, in same active site where polymerization occurs

Question 33

elongation phase steps

Answer 33

bubble, unwind DNA, selection of nucleoside triphosphate, catalysis of phosphodiester bond formation, translocation of RNA and DNA, proofread

Question 34

how RNA pol II proofreads

Answer 34

FACT removes an h2a/h2b dimer from the nucleosome

Question 35

euk transcription occurs

Answer 35

nucleus

Question 36

chromosome territories

Answer 36

where you find particular chromosomes

Question 37

main polymerase for RNA synthesis

Answer 37

RNA polymerase II, binds to promoter

Question 38

transcription factors

Answer 38

proteins for transcription, bind to promoter and reg elements, interpret info in reg elements, transmit appropriate response to RNA pol II

Question 39

Regulatory DNA sequences act as - regulatory elements

Answer 39

cis (reacts to the one right next to it)

Question 40

factors/protiens that bind to DNA act as - regulatory elements

Answer 40

trans (can effect multiple), effects cis elements

Question 41

core promoter elements

Answer 41

close to transcription start site recognition site for RNA poly II, and transcription factors more elements=stronger

Question 42

proximal promoter elements

Answer 42

close to core promoter strengthens, not necessary tho

Question 43

long range regulatory elements

Answer 43

may be on diff chromosome includes: enhancers, silencers, insulators, locus control regions

Question 44

enhancers

Answer 44

bind to transcription factors to activate

Question 45

silencers

Answer 45

bind to elements that repress transcription

Question 46

transvection

Answer 46

errmmm smth with hubs and shit

Question 47

insulators

Answer 47

Sequences of DNA that are chromatin boundary markers, insulate neighborhoods

Question 48

chromatin boudnary marker

Answer 48

demark regions of heterochromatin and euchromatin

Question 49

insulated neighborhoods

Answer 49

block silencers/ enhancer in inappropriate neighboring genes

Question 50

locus control region

Answer 50

have particular orientation, up regulate gene expression, control gene clusters

Question 51

general/basal machinery

Answer 51

for promoter recognition and catalysis of RNA synthesis

Question 52

specific transcription factors

Answer 52

bind to proximal promoters and long range regulatory elements mediate gene transcription activation/ repression

Question 53

transcriptional coactivators and corepressors

Answer 53

no binds directly, not required for basal transcription

Question 54

main poly for RNA synthesis

Answer 54

II