Chap 3

Question 1

8 major types of RNA

Answer 1

Ribosomal, messenger, transfer, small nuclear, small nucleolar, micro, piwi interacting, Long non coding

Question 2

Most common rna by mass

Answer 2

rRNA

Question 3

Most common by number

Answer 3

tRNA

Question 4

RNA primary structure

Answer 4

Chain of nucleotides, flat and straight

Question 5

Secondary structure (RNA)

Answer 5

Folds of RNA chains into motifs

Question 6

Common secondary structures of RNA

Answer 6

Bulges, stem, ss hairpin or loop, junction

Question 7

RNA is what type of helix usually

Answer 7

A type- broad and shallow minor grove and major deep grooves, usually recognized by minor grove

Question 8

Non cannon base pairs help with

Answer 8

RNA self assembly, RNA protein interactions, RNA Lingand interactions, making groove wider

Question 9

tRNA

Answer 9

Brings amino acid, has anti codon loop

Question 10

tRNA secondary structure

Answer 10

Cloverleaf

Question 11

tRNA tertiary structure

Answer 11

L shaped

Question 12

Secondary tRNA has

Answer 12

T loop, d loop, anti codon

Question 13

T loop

Answer 13

Recognized by ribosome

Question 14

D loop

Answer 14

Recognized by aminoacyl, gets charged

Question 15

Tertiary structure (RNA)

Answer 15

Interactions between secondary structure domains

Question 16

Psuedoknot

Answer 16

(RNA3D) Hairpin loop pairs with a complementary sequence outside of loop, coaxial stacking

Question 17

A minor motif

Answer 17

(RNA3D) Adenosine make contact with the minor grooves

Question 18

Tetraloop motif

Answer 18

(RNA 3rd)Stem loop stabilized by base stacking ex: UUUU

Question 19

Ribose zipper motif

Answer 19

(RNA 3) Stabilized helix helix interaction in minor grove hydrogen bonding between 2’ OH and base of another helix

Question 20

Kink turn motif

Answer 20

Asymmetric internal loop embedded in an RNA double helix, sharp turn on backbone of three nucleotide string

Question 21

specific binding proteins

Answer 21

Stabilized native structure of RNA

Question 22

RNA chaperones

Answer 22

Prevent misfolding or unfolding, helps RNA be the right form, unfolds misfolds

Question 23

Hydroxyl radical foot printing assay

Answer 23

Measures how long an rna takes to fold (by cutting back on with a radical)

Question 24

Riboenzyme

Answer 24

Ribosome that are self splicing and catalytic

Question 25

Enzyme

Answer 25

Substance that increases rate of chemical reactions

Question 26

Many ribozymes are - and use

Answer 26

Metalloenzymes (need metal like mg2+), and use acid base reactions

Question 27

Large ribozymes

Answer 27

RNase P, group I intron, Group II intron, spliceosome, ribosome

Question 28

Tertiary structure examples (RNA)

Answer 28

Coaxial stacking, pseuoknots, a minor motifs, tetra-loops, ribose zippers, kink turns

Question 29

Large catalytic RNA folding time

Answer 29

Several minutes to fold

Question 30

Small ribozymes

Answer 30

hammer head, hepatitis, delta virus RNA, riboswitch

Question 31

Eukaryotic RNA virus genomes

Answer 31

Single stranded (+or -/) and double stranded

Question 32

Euk RNA viruses replicationrequirement

Answer 32

No DNA intermediate, just need cytoplasm,

Question 33

Euk rna shape

Answer 33

Enveloped or non enveloped

Question 34

Plus strand

Answer 34

Coding strands Ex. Hepatitis C, sars-cov-2, foot mouth

Question 35

Minus strand

Answer 35

Non coding strand, need to make plus strand to start coding Ex. Rabies, mumps, flu, ebola

Question 36

Double stranded RNA genome

Answer 36

Has both + - Ex. Rotavirus

Question 37

Retrovrirus

Answer 37

RNA tumor virus, pseudo diploid, reverse transcription,

Question 38

RNA bacteriophage types

Answer 38

Single stranded RNA genome and segmented double stranded RNA genome

Question 39

Viroid

Answer 39

Just RNA, not encode proteins, plant virus, small circle, just host RNA polymerase

Question 40

rRNA

Answer 40

an essential component of the ribosome.

Question 41

mRNA

Answer 41

a copy of the genomic DNA sequence that encodes a gene product and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Question 42

snRNA

Answer 42

plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing, a process which prepares the mRNA for translation.

Question 43

snoRNA

Answer 43

plays a role in rRNA processing.

Question 44

miRNA

Answer 44

post-transcriptional gene regulation; each miRNA binds to a complementary sequence in a target mRNA, usually resulting in gene silencing, by triggering degradation of mRNA or by blocking translation by the ribosome.

Question 45

lncRNA

Answer 45

gene expression

Question 46

tetrahymena RNA

Answer 46

using the r looping technique, cech found that an intron was spliced out, in vitro, need gtp and mg

Question 47

RNase p

Answer 47

true ribozyme

Question 48

large ribozyme characteristics

Answer 48

self splicing, generate 3' oh termini

Question 49

small ribozyme features

Answer 49

sub-viral RNA replication, 5' OH termini, cyclic phoshate

Question 50

U-turn.

Answer 50

In the anticodon loop of tRNA, hydrogen bonding of uridine with the phosphate group causes an abrupt reversal or “U-turn”

Question 51

piwirna

Answer 51

resent in germline cells, 24-31 nucleotides in length, associate with PIWI proteins to form piRNA-induced silencing complexes which repress transposable elements