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Molecular Genetics > Ch 6 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Semiconservative replication

A

Both strands can be used to replication, one old and one new strand product

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2
Q

Meselson and stahl experiment proved

A

That DNA replication is semi conservative

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3
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

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4
Q

Replication adds nucleotides at what carbon

A

3’

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5
Q

In replication, the cleave of triphospahte nucleotides creates

A

Energy to make reaction energetically favorable

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6
Q

Leading strand is

A

Continuous, no new primer needed

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7
Q

Lagging strand

A

Fragmented and together

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8
Q

Semi discontinuous

A

One strand is continuous and the other is discontinuous, continuous

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9
Q

4 repeated lagging strand steps

A

Primer synthesis, elongation, primer removal, joining of fragment

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10
Q

Replisome

A

Multiprotoen machine with a suite of basic enzymatic function
– Helicase
– Primase
– DNA polymerase
– 3’ to 5’ exonuclease.

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11
Q

Protein associated with replisome

A

Helicase, primate DNA poly, 3’ to 5’ exonuclous

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12
Q

DNA poly I (bacterial)

A

Primer removal, fills gap in fragment, involved in nucleotide excision repair pathway, turns ribose in deoxy

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13
Q

DNA poly I subunits and its activities

A

Knlenow fragmens
5’ to 3’- polymerase activity (add nucleotides)
3’ to 5’ prime exonuclease activity (fix mistakes)

2
5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity (removed primers)

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14
Q

DNA poly III

A

Main replicative polymerase,

5’ to 3’ polymerase activity
3’ to 5’ exonuclease

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15
Q

DNA poly II, IV, V

A

DNA repair mechanisms

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16
Q

origin of replication (OriC)

A

Sequence of DNA that allows for replication to begin

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17
Q

Bacteria origin of replication

A

One

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18
Q

E. coli initiator protien

A

dnaA, only binds to negativity supercoiled origin DNA

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19
Q

DNA helicase (dnaB) (bac)

A

Unwinds helix using ATP

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20
Q

Sliding clamps (bacteria)

A

tether DNA poly to the DNA

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21
Q

Clamp loader (bacteria)

A

Use ATP to open and close clamp on DNA

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22
Q

Single strand bind protien

A

Keep dna from resealing after helicase, protect nuclease attack

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23
Q

Primase makes

A

RNA primers

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24
Q

DNA poly III adds to dna by

A

Catalyzing phosodiester bond formation between nucleotides

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25
DNA ligase
Seals up phosodiester link between fragments
26
Topoisomers
Same DNA, different form (linking number and mobility in gel electrophoresis)
27
Topoisomerase I
Caused one break in DNA, Detangle, no ATP needed
28
Bacterial type I topo
Relax neg supercoil
29
Eukaryotic type I topo
Relax negative and positive supercoiling
30
Type II topo
Two breaks, both positive and negatives, unknot, decatenate entangled DNA molecules, ATP needed,
31
Bacterial gyrase
Negative supercoiling, a type of topo
32
Leading strand is discontinuous when
DNA poly III, DNA poly collide with RNA poly
33
How many Euk origin of rep
Many
34
ARS autonomous replicating sequences (yeast)
Original of replication
35
Mammalian origins are - rich
AT, no common consensus sequence
36
Rate of replication is dependent on
Number of origins activated
37
Replication factories
Where we expect to find replication forks and lots of replication
38
ORC
Origin recognition complex- euk
39
(euk)For replication to start, - binds to the origin. This process is ATP -
ORC and Cdc6 , dependent
40
G1 phase
Origin selection
41
S phase
Replication
42
Replication licensing protien
MCM2-7 helicase in complex with CDt1 (2),
43
CMG helicase complex
Cdc45 and GINS plus MCM2-7 inactive hexamer, loaded on leading strands
44
Cyclin depends kinases (CDKs)
Controls licensing of origins, activators of cell cycle transitions
45
Low CDK activity
Mcm2-7 can load
46
CDK high (s and g2)
Origins fire, but don’t reload
47
Initiator DNA (idna)
Yea idk in the primer?
48
Polymerase switching
Hand of DNA from one poly to another
49
PCNA
proliferating cell nuclear antigen- clamp, keeps poly from falling off
50
RFC- replication factor C
Loads clamp
51
alt methods of circular DNA replication
rolling circle rep,
52
rolling circle rep
(plasmid and bacteria) dsDNA is nicked, and free 3' OH is used for replication. one strand is displaced
53
telomere repetitive sequence
huaman- TTAGGG tetrahymena- TTGGGG
54
telomeres
allows chromo to remain linear, protect ends
55
c strand
shorter strand after primer is removed
56
g strand
overhanging pice after primer is removed
57
telomerase (RNP)
solves the lagging strand problem
58
telomerase RNA
telomerase RNA component (TERC)
59
telo protein part
Telo reverse transcriptase (TERT)
60
how does telo care of overhang
elongates C strand and folds the shit around and bonds to shorter one
61
shelterin
prevents telo from fusing together, coats t loops
62
TZAP
will bind where shelterin isn't and cut that bitch out
63
as we age, telomeres get
shorter
64
hay flick limit
little telomerase activity limit, no longer divides
65
senescent
doesn't divide
66
proof for telomeres linked to age
1. adding hTERT allows cells to escape hayflick limit 2. mice with no telo RNA looked old asf when they're young 3. mice liver thingy (fucked up bruh)
67
dykeratosis congenita
loss of telo activity, aging syndrome (greys, hair loss, fucked)
68
two forms of dyskeratosis congenital
autosmal dom, x linked
69
Bidirectional replication
both ways, has two forks
70
bacterial DNA poly
* DNA Pol I * DNA Pol II * DNA Pol III * DNA Pol IV * DNA Pol V
71
bacterial II IV V function
Involved in DNA repair mechanisms
72
DNA poly alpha
primase activity
73
Chromosomal DNA replication
aphelia Epsilon delta
74
Initiator protein (DnaA)
binds to OriC
75
RPA
maintains single strand in euk
76
fen-1
primer removalt

Molecular Genetics (13 decks)

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