Paramedic > Ch 14 Medication Administration > Flashcards

Ch 14 Medication Administration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an access port?

A

A sealed hub on an administration set designed to provide sterile access to the intravenous fluid.

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2
Q

What is an administration set?

A

Tubing that connects to the intravenous bag access port and the catheter to deliver intravenous fluid.

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3
Q

What are ampules?

A

Small glass containers that are sealed and whose contents are sterilized.

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4
Q

What does antecubital refer to?

A

The anterior aspect of the elbow.

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5
Q

What are anticoagulants?

A

Substances that prevent blood from clotting.

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6
Q

What are antiseptics?

A

Chemicals used to cleanse an area before performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an intravenous line; they are not toxic to living tissues. Examples include chlorhexidine, isopropyl alcohol, and iodine.

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7
Q

What is aseptic technique?

A

A method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site from pathogens when you are performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an intravenous line.

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8
Q

aural

A

Pertaining to the ear.

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9
Q

What is blood tubing?

A

A special type of macrodrip administration set designed to facilitate rapid fluid replacement by manual infusion of multiple intravenous bags or intravenous-blood replacement combinations

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10
Q

What is bolus?

A

“In one mass”. In medication administration, a single dose given by the intravenous or intraosseous route; may be a small or large quantity of the drug.

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11
Q

What is a Bone Injection Gun (BIG)?

A

A spring-loaded device that is used for inserting an intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia in adult and pediatric patients.

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12
Q

What does ‘buccal’ refer to?

A

Between the cheek and gums.

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13
Q

What is a butterfly catheter?

A

A rigid, hollow, venous cannulation device identified by its plastic ‘wings’ that act as anchoring points for securing the catheter.

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14
Q

What is cannulation?

A

The insertion of a catheter into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow for fluid flow.

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15
Q

What is catheter shear?

A

An event in which a needle is reinserted into the catheter and slices through the catheter, creating a free-floating segment.

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16
Q

What is the Celsius scale?

A

A scale for measuring temperature, where water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.

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17
Q

What are colloid solutions?

A

Solutions that contain molecules (usually proteins) that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes and, therefore, remain in the vascular compartment.

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18
Q

What is concentration?

A

The total weight of a drug contained in a specific volume of liquid.

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19
Q

What is a contaminated stick?

A

The puncturing of an emergency care provider’s skin with a needle or catheter that was used on a patient.

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20
Q

What are crystalloid solutions?

A

Solutions of dissolved crystals (e.g., salts or sugars) in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution.

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21
Q

What is D5W?

A

An intravenous solution made up of 5% dextrose in water.

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22
Q

What is dehydration?

A

Depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume.

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23
Q

What is the desired dose?

A

The amount of a drug that the physician orders for a patient; the drug order.

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24
Q

What is the diaphysis?

A

The shaft of a long bone.

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25
What is a diluent?
A solution (usually water or normal saline) used for diluting a medication.
26
What are disinfectants?
Chemicals used on nonliving objects to kill organisms; they are toxic to living tissues.
27
What is distal traction?
Gentle downward or lateral traction on the skin.
28
What is a drip chamber?
The area of the administration set where fluid accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid.
29
What is drug reconstitution?
Injecting sterile water or saline from one vial into another vial containing a powdered form of the drug.
30
What is an enema?
A fluid solution, possibly containing supplemental medications, that can be administered rectally to aid in a variety of gastrointestinal complications.
31
What are enteral medications?
Medication administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the gastrointestinal tract.
32
What is the epiphyseal plate?
The growth plate of a bone; a major site of bone development during childhood.
33
What are epiphyses?
The ends of a long bone.
34
What is the external jugular (EJ) vein?
Large neck vein that is lateral to the carotid artery.
35
What is EZ-IO?
A handheld, battery-powered driver to which a special intraosseous needle is attached; used for insertion of the intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia of children and adults.
36
What is the Fahrenheit scale?
A scale for measuring temperature, where water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.
37
What are FAST devices?
First Access for Shock and Trauma devices; manual sternal intraosseous devices used in patients age 12 and older; include an infusion tube, subcutaneous portal, an introducer, a target/strain relief patch, and a protective dome.
38
What is a flash chamber?
The area of an intravenous catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated.
39
What are gastric tubes?
Tubes that are commonly inserted in patients in the prehospital setting to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain enteral medications.
40
What is gauge?
The internal diameter of an intravenous catheter or needle.
41
What does gtt stand for?
A unit of measure that indicates drops.
42
What is a hematoma?
An accumulation of blood in the tissues beneath the skin; a potential complication of intravenous therapy.
43
What is hemostasis?
The body's natural blood-clotting mechanism.
44
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure can draw out water from the cell and cause it to collapse.
45
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution that has a lower concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure lets water flow into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.
46
What are implanted vascular access devices?
Devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, blood product administration, and venous blood sampling; an arteriovenous fistula is an example.
47
What is infiltration?
The escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; the result of vein perforation during intravenous cannulation.
48
What is an infusion pump?
A mechanical device that infuses a precise intravenous volume programmed by the clinician.
49
What is inhalation?
Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route.
50
What does intradermal refer to?
The layer of the dermis, just beneath the epidermis; a medication delivery route.
51
What does intramuscular (IM) mean?
Into a muscle; a medication delivery route.
52
What does intranasal mean?
Within the nose.
53
What does intraosseous mean?
Within the bone.
54
What is intraosseous infusion?
A technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products, and medications into the intraosseous space of a long bone, usually the proximal tibia.
55
What is the intraosseous space?
The spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis, collectively.
56
What does intravenous (IV) mean?
Within a vein.
57
What is intravenous therapy?
Cannulation of a vein with an intravenous catheter to access the patient's vascular system.
58
What is ionic concentration?
The amount of charged particles found in a particular area.
59
What is an isotonic crystalloid solution?
An intravenous solution that does not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell; examples include normal saline and lactated Ringer solution.
60
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution that has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. Its presence does not cause water to shift, so no change in cell shape occurs.
61
What is lactated Ringer (LR) solution?
A sterile, isotonic, crystalloid solution containing specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water.
62
What are macrodrip sets?
Administration sets named for the large orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; they allow for rapid fluid flow into the vascular system; the maximum flow rate is 10 or 15 gtt/mL, depending on the manufacturer.
63
What is medical asepsis?
The practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique.
64
What is a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?
A pressurized canister that delivers a specific dose of a medication; commonly used for beta agonist bronchodilators.
65
What is the metric system?
A measurement system based on multiples of 10 (ie, a decimal system) that is used for the measurement of length, weight, and volume.
66
What are microdrip sets?
Administration sets named for the small needlelike orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; they allow for carefully controlled fluid flow and are ideally suited for medication administration; the maximum flow rate is 60 gtt/mL.
67
What is a Mix-o-Vial?
A single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper; methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) is stored this way.
68
What is a mucosal atomizer device (MAD)?
A device that attaches to the end of a syringe that is used to spray (atomize) certain medications via the intravenous route.
69
What is a nebulizer?
A device for producing a fine spray or mist that is used to deliver inhaled medications.
70
What is a New Intraosseous (NIO) device?
A spring-loaded device that contains neither a drill nor a battery; used for inserting an intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia of an adult patient.
71
What are nontunneling vascular access devices?
Devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncture through the skin directly into a selected vein, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and venous blood sampling. ## Footnote Examples include peripheral inserted central catheters and central venous catheters.
72
What is normal saline?
A solution of 0.9% sodium chloride; an isotonic crystalloid.
73
What does ocular pertain to?
Pertaining to the eye.
74
What is osmolarity?
The ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
75
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
A congenital bone disease that results in fragile bones.
76
What is osteomyelitis?
Inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection.
77
What is overhydration?
An increase in the body's systemic fluid volume.
78
What is an over-the-needle catheter?
A Teflon (plastic) catheter inserted over a hollow needle.
79
What is the parenteral route?
A route of medication administration that involves any route other than the gastrointestinal tract.
80
What is a Penrose drain?
A type of surgical drain often used as a constricting band.
81
What does percutaneous mean?
Through the skin or mucous membrane.
82
What is peripheral vein cannulation?
A technique in which a cannula (tube) is inserted into veins of the peripheral areas—veins that can be seen and/or palpated. ## Footnote Examples include those of the hand, arm, lower extremity, and the external jugular vein.
83
What is a piercing spike?
The hard, sharpened plastic spike on the end of the administration set designed to pierce the sterile membrane of the intravenous bag.
84
What are prefilled syringes?
Medication syringes that are prepackaged and prepared with a specific concentration.
85
What is a pressure infuser device?
A sleeve that is placed around the intravenous bag and inflated to force fluid to flow from the intravenous bag and into the tubing.
86
What is a pulmonary embolism?
A blood clot or foreign matter trapped within the pulmonary circulation.
87
What is a pyrogenic reaction?
A reaction characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation (as high as 106°F [41°C]) with severe chills, backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; a potential complication of intravenous or intraosseous therapy.
88
What are saline locks?
Special types of intravenous devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of intravenous fluid; also called a buff cap or INT (intermittent). ## Footnote Commonly used for patients who do not require fluid boluses but may require medication therapy.
89
What are sharps?
Any contaminated item that can cause injury; includes intravenous needles and catheters, broken ampules or vials, or anything else that can penetrate or lacerate the skin.
90
What does sterile mean?
Devoid of all living organisms; achieved by using heat, gas, or chemicals.
91
What does subcutaneous mean?
Into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route.
92
What does sublingual mean?
Under the tongue; a medication delivery route.
93
What is a suppository?
A drug mixed in a firm base that melts at body temperature and is shaped to fit the rectum.
94
What are systemic complications?
Reactions that affect systems of the body.
95
What is third spacing?
The shifting of fluid into the tissues, creating edema.
96
What is thrombophlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein related to a thrombus (blood clot).
97
What are track marks?
The visible scars from repeated cannulation of a vein; commonly associated with illicit drug use.
98
What does transdermal mean?
Across the skin; a medication delivery route.
99
What is a trocar?
A solid boring needle.
100
What is a Vacutainer?
A cylindrical device that attaches to an 18- or 20-gauge sampling needle; accommodates self-sealing blood tubes when blood samples are being obtained.
101
What are varicose veins?
Veins on the leg that are large, twisted, and ropelike and can cause pain, swelling, or itching.
102
What is venous thrombosis?
The development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation.
103
What are vials?
Small glass or plastic bottles that contain medication; may contain single or multiple doses.
104
What does volume on hand refer to?
The amount of fluid you have on hand, such as the amount of fluid in an intravenous bag or the amount of fluid in a vial of medication.
105
What is a Volutrol?
A special type of microdrip set that features a 100- or 200-mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid regulation in patients susceptible to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and older patients; also called a Buretrol.
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