Paramedic > Chapter 8 Anat & Phys Part 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Anat & Phys Part 6 Flashcards

(70 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

Structures located in the dermis that initiate nerve impulses that can reach the individual’s conscious awareness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

The X and Y chromosomes, which determine sex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?

A

The normal site of the origin of electrical impulses; located high in the right atrium, it is the natural pacemaker of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are sinuses?

A

Cavities formed by the cranial bones that trap contaminants from entering the respiratory tract and act as tributaries for fluid to and from the eustachian tubes and tear ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones and composed of long, thread-like cells that have light and dark striations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sliding filament theory?

A

An explanation of the action of muscle contraction focusing on how sarcomeres shorten, with thick and thin filaments sliding past each other toward the center of the sarcomere from both ends.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

A

The mechanism by which the cell brings in two potassium ions and releases three sodium ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

The posterior portion of the palate, which is made up of mucous membrane, muscular fibers, and mucous glands; it is so named because it has no bony support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a solute?

A

The dissolved particles contained in a solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of a solvent and a solute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The fluid that dissolves a solute, or the substance in which a solute is dissolved or mixed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is somatic pain?

A

Pain caused by the activation of pain receptors in the body’s superficial tissues, such as the skin, bones, muscles, and joints; compared to visceral pain, it is generally more intense and more precisely localized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

The process by which sperm cells are formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are sphincters?

A

Muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes.

Examples are found within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are spinal nerves?

A

The 31 pairs of nerves that originate from the spinal cord and exit the spine on either side between vertebrae; each has a sensory root and a motor root, and is responsible for sending and receiving sensory and motor messages to and from the central nervous system from a portion of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Cells that retain the ability to divide repeatedly without specializing, and that allow for continual growth and renewal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Loss of perception of depth and overlapping or doubled images.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

The outermost or dead layer of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is stroke volume (SV)?

A

The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

The space located between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the suprasternal notch?

A

The indentation formed by the superior border of the manubrium and the clavicles, which is often used as a landmark for procedures such as subclavian vein access; also known as the jugular notch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is surfactant?

A

A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are sutures?

A

Seams that occur only between the bones of the skull; they are a type of fibrous joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are sweat glands?
The glands that secrete sweat, which are located in the dermal layer of the skin.
26
What is a synapse?
A functional connection where neurons communicate with other cells.
27
What is the synaptic cleft?
The space between neurons; also called the synaptic gap.
28
What are synaptic vesicles?
Small sacs that contain neurotransmitters.
29
What is synovial fluid?
The fluid secreted by synovial membranes that lubricates synovial joints.
30
What are synovial joints?
Complex joints that allow free movement of the component bones and are lubricated with synovial fluid.
31
What is the synovial membrane?
The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space.
32
What is systemic vascular resistance?
The resistance that blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels; related to the amount of dilation or constriction in the blood vessel.
33
What are T lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes that interact directly with antigens, producing the cellular immune response; they also stimulate the B lymphocytes to produce antibodies; also called T cells.
34
What is the tentorium?
A horizontal projection of the dura that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.
35
What is testosterone?
The most important male sex hormone (androgen).
36
What is the thalamus?
Structure of the diencephalon that acts as the sensory switchboard of the brain, through which almost all signals travel on their way in or out of the brain.
37
What is thermoregulation?
The process by which the body maintains temperature through a combination of heat gain by metabolic processes and muscular movement and heat loss through breathing, evaporation, conduction, convection, and perspiration.
38
What is the thoracic duct?
One of two great lymph vessels; it empties into the superior vena cava.
39
What is thrombin?
An enzyme that causes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which binds to a platelet plug, forming a final mature clot.
40
What is thromboplastin?
A chemical that stimulates blood clotting.
41
What is the thymus?
A lymphatic organ located in the thorax that is important in early immunity; it shrinks with age and is eventually replaced by other types of tissue.
42
What is thyroid cartilage?
A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx; the Adam's apple.
43
What is the thyroid gland?
A large endocrine gland located at the base of the neck; it produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolism.
44
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath; approximately 500 mL for an adult.
45
What are tissues?
Groups of cells that share a similar structure and function.
46
What is titin?
A noncontractile protein found in sarcomeres of cardiac and skeletal muscle.
47
What is total body water (TBW)?
Total amount of fluid in the human body; accounts for approximately 60% of the weight of a healthy adult male; divided into various compartments within the body.
48
What is transcellular fluid?
Fluid classified as extracellular, but which is formed from the transport activities of cells. Examples include cerebrospinal fluid, bladder urine, aqueous humor, and synovial fluid of the joints.
49
What is the tricuspid valve?
The atrioventricular valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
50
What is tropomyosin?
An actin-binding protein that regulates muscle contraction and other actin-related mechanical functions of the body.
51
What is troponin?
A regulatory protein in the actin filaments of skeletal and cardiac muscle that attaches to tropomyosin.
52
What is tubular reabsorption?
The process that moves substances from the tubular fluid into the blood, within the peritubular capillary.
53
What is tubular secretion?
The process that moves substances from the blood in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule.
54
What is tunica adventitia?
The outer layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic and fibrous connective tissue.
55
What is the tunica intima?
The smooth, thin, inner lining of a blood vessel.
56
What is the tunica media?
The middle, thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.
57
What are ureters?
Small, hollow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
58
What is the urethra?
The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body.
59
What is the urinary bladder?
A sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine.
60
What is the urinary system?
The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.
61
What is the uterus?
A muscular, inverted pear-shaped organ that lies situated between the urinary bladder and the rectum.
62
What is ventilation?
The mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs in two separate phases: inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration).
63
What is the ventral respiratory group (VRG)?
An area of the medulla oblongata that can cause inspiration or expiration depending on which motor neurons are stimulated.
64
What is the vestibule?
The structure into which the vagina opens posteriorly, and into which the female urethra opens in the midline; also, the central part of the labyrinth of the ear, behind the cochlea and in front of the semicircular canals.
65
What is visceral pain?
Deep pain caused by activation of pain receptors in internal areas of the body that are enclosed within a cavity, such as the chest, abdomen, or pelvis.
66
What is the visceral pleura?
The lining of the pleural cavity, which adheres tightly to the surface of the lung.
67
What is vital capacity?
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and exhalation.
68
What are vitamins?
Organic compounds required for normal metabolism.
69
What is vitreous humor?
A jellylike fluid filling the posterior eye cavity that helps the globe maintain its shape without distorting light.
70
What is white matter?
Bundles of myelinated nerves.
Paramedic
flashcards
Decks in class (60)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions