Ch 15 (Exam 3)

Question 1

includes sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons are related to touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception (sense of self position), sight, hearing, taste, smell and equilibrium. Motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles.

Answer 1

The somatic nervous system

Question 2

receives input from sensory receptors located in organs, blood vessels, muscles and the nervous system. Motor neurons innervate smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.

Answer 2

The autonomic nervous system

Question 3

of spinal nerves NOT just autonomic ganglia – have cell bodies of sensory

Answer 3

Dorsal ganglia

Question 4

Is on either side of the vertebral column
• Postsynaptic ganglia

Answer 4

Sympathetic chain (trunk) ganglion (or
paravertebral)

Question 5

in front of the spinal column or close to large arteries in the abdomen – sympathetic

Answer 5

Collateral or prevertebral ganglion

Question 6

near the effector or in walls of the effector – parasympathetic – reason hy parasympathetic has longer preganglionic fibers

Answer 6

Terminal ganglion or intramural ganglion

Question 7

has its cell body in the central nervous
system and the axon extends to an autonomic ganglion.
• (myelinated)– first order

Answer 7

A preganglionic neuron

Question 8

has its unmyelinated axon extending from the ganglion to the effector
• (unmyelinated) second order

Answer 8

A postganglionic neuron

Question 9

Fight or flight

Answer 9

Sympathetic

Question 10

Rest and digest

Answer 10

Parasympathetic

Question 11

most organs receive stimuli from BOTH of these divisions. (Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions)

Answer 11

Dual innervation

Question 12

Pupil constriction

Answer 12

Parasympathetic

Question 13

Pupil dilate

Answer 13

Sympathetic

Question 14

slow heartbeat

Answer 14

Parasympathetic

Question 15

Increased heartbeat

Answer 15

Sympathetic

Question 16

Airways: constricts the bronchial tubules

Answer 16

Parasympathetic

Question 17

Airways: dilates the bronchial tubules

Answer 17

Sympathetic

Question 18

Liver: stimulates bile response

Answer 18

Parasympathetic

Question 19

Liver: increase the rate of glycogen to glucose

Answer 19

Sympathetic

Question 20

Sweat glands: stimulates secretion

Answer 20

Sympathetic

Question 21

Blood vessels constriction

Answer 21

Parasympathetic

Question 22

Digestive system: stimulates activity

Answer 22

Parasympathetic

Question 23

Digestive system: decrease activity

Answer 23

Sympathetic

Question 24

Adrenal glands: stimulates the production of adrenaline

Answer 24

Sympathetic

Question 25

Uterus relaxation

Answer 25

Parasympathetic

Question 26

Uterus vaginal contraction

Answer 26

Sympathetic

Question 27

Urinary system: increase the urinary output

Answer 27

Parasympathetic

Question 28

Urinary system: relaxes bladder

Answer 28

Sympathetic

Question 29

The nerves are craniosacral in the

Answer 29

Parasympathetic system

Question 30

The the nerves are thoracolumbar in

Answer 30

Sympathetic system

Question 31

Preganglionic neurons are shorter or longer than postganglionic in parasympathetic

Answer 31

Longer

Question 32

Preganglionic neurons are shorter or longer than postganglionic in sympathetic

Answer 32

Shorter

Question 33

release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter

Answer 33

Cholinergic neurons

Question 34

____ neurons of both parasympathetic and sympathetic

Answer 34

Preganglionic

Question 35

neurons of sympathetic that specifically innervate sweat glands

Answer 35

Postganglionic

Question 36

What activates sweat glands

Answer 36

Acetylcholine

Question 37

What receptors bing to acetylcholine

Answer 37

Cholinergic

Question 38

bind acetylcholine released from preganglionic neurons in both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 38

Nicotinic receptors

Question 39

bind acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic effectors and sympathetic effector sweat glands

Answer 39

Muscarinic receptors

Question 40

postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system that release epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 40

Adrenergic neurons

Question 41

bind epinephrine and norepinephrine in sympathetic effectors

Answer 41

Adrenergic receptors

Question 42

two connections between spinal nerve ad ganglion of sympathetic trunk

Answer 42

Rami

Question 43

myelinated axon of preganglionic neurons

Answer 43

White ramus

Question 44

unmyelinated axons of postganglionic fibers

Answer 44

Grey ramus

Question 45

What neurons secrete acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter and are thus called cholinergic neurons (Sympathetic)

Answer 45

Preganglionic

Question 46

Cholinergic neurons Can stimulate postsynaptic neurons by binding to (Sympathetic)

Answer 46

Nicotinic receptors

Question 47

What neurons secrete epinephrine or norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter and stimulate adrenergic receptors (Sympathetic)

Answer 47

Post ganglionic neurons

Question 48

What interacts with alpha and beta receptors on sympathetic effectors (Sympathetic)

Answer 48

Norepinephrine

Question 49

Noradrenalin is broken down by ____ and_____ – effects last longer than parasympathetic (Sympathetic)

Answer 49

catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MOA)

Question 50

In the______ division, cell bodies of the_______ neurons are in the nuclei of four cranial nerves (III, VII, IX and X) in the brain stem and in the lateral gray matter of sacral segments 2–4 of the spinal cord =_______

Answer 50

parasympathetic and preganglionic. craniosacral

Question 51

SLUDD

Answer 51

salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation

Question 52

What cranial nerve does a lot in the parasympathetic division? 

Answer 52

Vagus nerve X

Question 53

_____neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system secrete acetylcholine and are cholinergic neurons that stimulate nicotinic receptors on postganglionic neurons

Answer 53

Preganglionic

Question 54

neurons also secrete acetylcholine making them cholinergic neurons (Parasympathetic)

Answer 54

Postganglionic neurons

Question 55

This acetylcholine contracts_____ on effector organs (Parasympathetic)

Answer 55

muscarinic receptors

Question 56

o Exaggerated response of the sympathetic nervous system occurring in 85% of individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6. o If untreated, can cause seizures, stroke or heart attack.

Answer 56

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Question 57

o Occurs due to excessive sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in arterioles of digits. o Vasoconstriction leads to numbness and ischemia in digits.

Answer 57

Raynaud phenomenon

Question 58

The inner ____ produces catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Answer 58

Adrenal medulla

Question 59

The adrenal gland is only in parasympathetic or sympathetic

Answer 59

Sympathetic

Question 60

Adrenalin and noradrenalin bind to_____&______ of autonomic receptors to elicit sympathetic effects

Answer 60

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors