Exm 2 (ch 9)

Question 1

a point of contact between:
• Two or more bones
• Cartilage and bone
• Teeth and bone
(Also called articulation)

Answer 1

A joint

Question 2

Structural classification of joints

Answer 2

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 3

no joint cavity, articulating bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen. Permits little to no movement. Types: Sutures (suture bones of the skull) and Syndesmoses of
tibia/fibula joint, gomphosis (Joint between mandible and teeth)

Answer 3

Fibrous

Question 4

no joint cavity (lack synovial cavity), articulating bones held together by hyaline cartilage (Synchondrosis), (synchondroses- epiphyseal growth plate) or fibrous cartilage (Symphysis- pubic symphysis). Permits little to no movement. Ex: Pubic symphysis and epithelial growth plate

Answer 4

Cartilaginous

Question 5

have articular capsule, characterized by synovial cavity and articular cartilage; may contain accessory ligaments, articular discs and bursae. Articulating bones are covered with articular cartilage, held together by ligaments, contain synovial fluid, have a nerve and blood supply , and are surrounded by an articular capsule
• Synovial fluid is made of lymph and hyaluronic acid
Permits a large range of movement

Answer 5

Synovial (have a capsule)

Question 6

sac-like structures filled with
synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another

Answer 6

Bursae

Question 7

a tube-like bursae that wraps around tendons subject to a great deal of friction. Provides lubrication

Answer 7

Tendon sheaths

Question 8

Degree of movement 

Answer 8

Synarthroses, amphirthrosis, diarthroses

Question 9

virtually no movement
• Ex: sutures between skull bones

Answer 9

Synarthroses

Question 10

limited movement

Answer 10

Amphiarthroses

Question 11

free movement, synovial joints, capsule has dense fibrous outer layer

Answer 11

Diarthroses

Question 12

• Synchondrosis – bones connected by hyaline cartilage in the epiphyseal plates

Answer 12

Synarthroses

Question 13

• Synostosis when calcification is complete

Answer 13

Synarthroses

Question 14

• Pubic symphysis

Answer 14

Amphiarthroses

Question 15

• Syndesmosis of tibia/fibula (more fibers than suture but not as tight)

Answer 15

Amphiarthroses

Question 16

• Gomphosis – cone-shaped peg in tooth socket (also fibrous) – shock absorption!

Answer 16

Amphiarthroses

Question 17

nearly flat bones move side-to-side and back- and-forth
• Planar movements
• biaxial/triaxial

Answer 17

Gliding

Question 18

decreasing the angle between bones
• Move AWAY from anatomical
position in the anterior or
posterior direction

Answer 18

Flexion

Question 19

increasing the angle between the bones
• Move TOWARDS anatomical
position in the anterior or
posterior direction

Answer 19

Extension

Question 20

extension beyond normal range OR beyond a straight line

Answer 20

Hypertension

Question 21

movement away from the midline

Answer 21

Abduction

Question 22

movement towards the midline

Answer 22

Adduction

Question 23

movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle

Answer 23

Circumduction

Question 24

the bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Medial vs. lateral

Answer 24

Rotation

Question 25

superior movement of the body

Answer 25

Elevation

Question 26

inferior movement of one part of the body

Answer 26

Depression

Question 27

Movement of a body part anteriorly

Answer 27

Protraction

Question 28

Movement of a protracted body part back to anatomical position

Answer 28

Retraction

Question 29

Move the sole mediately

Answer 29

Inversion

Question 30

Moves the sole laterally

Answer 30

Eversion

Question 31

Bending the foot at an angle superiorly

Answer 31

Dorsiflexion

Question 32

Bending the foot inferiorly

Answer 32

Plantar flexion

Question 33

Palm is turned anteriorly

Answer 33

Supination

Question 34

Palm is rotated posteriorly

Answer 34

Pronation

Question 35

back-and-forth or side-to-side

Answer 35

Planar movements

Question 36

concave surface of a bone fits in the convex surface of another bone. Elbow joint

Answer 36

Hinge joints

Question 37

rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament. Radius and ulna

Answer 37

Pivot joints

Question 38

convex oval-shaped projection of one bone articulates with the oval- shaped depression of another bone

Answer 38

Ellipsoid (condylar) joints

Question 39

one bone acts like a saddle and the other bone fits like a rider. Carpus and metacarpal of thumb

Answer 39

Saddle joint

Question 40

ball of one bone fits into the depression of another. Femur and hip bone

Answer 40

Ball and socket joints