Exm 2 (ch 6)

Question 1

(bone shaft) – long cylindrical main portion

Answer 1

Diaphysis

Question 2

(both ends of the bone at the joints)
• Made of spongy bone and has either red or yellow bone marrow

Answer 2

Epiphysis

Question 3

(region between diaphysis and epiphysis)
• Contains the epiphyseal growth plates

Answer 3

Metaphyses

Question 4

covers both epiphyses

Answer 4

Articular cartilage

Question 5

(connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis)
• Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue

Answer 5

Periosteum

Question 6

(hollow space within diaphysis)
• Contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels

Answer 6

Medullary cavity

Question 7

(thin membrane lining the medullary cavity)

Answer 7

Endosteum

Question 8

Anywhere a bone contacts a joint

Answer 8

Articulation

Question 9

the production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow.

Answer 9

Hemopoesis

Question 10

Most abundant mineral salt in bone is

Answer 10

calcium phosphate

Question 11

(bone stem cells able to differentiate into the
other types of cells)

Answer 11

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 12

(bone-building cells that secrete matrix; initiate calcification)

Answer 12

Osteoblasts

Question 13

Mature bone cells. Sits in lacunae

Answer 13

Osteocytes

Question 14

(remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; bone resorption). Chew up bone and spit up

Answer 14

Osteoclasts

Question 15

(accompanied by nerves) enter the diaphysis through Volkmann’s canals. They are accompanied by periosteal veins.

Answer 15

Periosteal arteries

Question 16

enters the center of the diaphysis through a nutrient foramen. Nutrient veins exit via the same canal

Answer 16

Nutrient artery

Question 17

(also called communicating canals or perforating canals) run
perpendicular to the bone and
connect Haversian canals that run
parallel

Answer 17

Volksmanns canals

Question 18

fun through the center of concentric rings of lamellae and carry nerves and blood vessels

Answer 18

Haversian canals

Question 19

(mature bone cells) lie in lacunae (small spaces) and share nutrients with each other via canaliculi

Answer 19

Osteocytes

Question 20

increase in width

Answer 20

Appositional growth

Question 21

Growth between cells by mature chondrocytes; length

Answer 21

Interstitial growth

Question 22

Does cartilage have blood vessels?

Answer 22

NO

Question 23

Bone replaces ct

Answer 23

Ossification

Question 24

occurs in flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone in the developing embryo and fetus

Answer 24

Intramembranous ossification

Question 25

Osteoblasts cluster at ________

Answer 25

Ossification center

Question 26

cells are now osteocytes with canaliculi projections, soon calcium and other mineral salts deposited and extracellular matrix hardens

Answer 26

Calcification

Question 27

Intramembranous Ossification steps

Answer 27

1. Development of ossification center 2. Calcification 3. Formation of spongy bone trabeculae 4. Development of the periosteum

Question 28

Endochondral ossification

Answer 28

Converts hyaline cartilage into bone

Question 29

Endochondral ossification steps

Answer 29

1. Development of cartilage model 2. Growth of cartilage model 3. Development of primary ossification center 4. Development of the medullary (marrow) cavity 5. Development of secondary ossification centers 6. Formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

Question 30

Bone lengthening steps

Answer 30

1. Zone of calcified matrix (dead chondrocytes and calcified matrix) – closer to diaphysis 2. Zone of hypertrophic cartilage – large mature chondrocytes 3. Zone of proliferating cartilage (cells divide to replace dying chondrocytes) 4. Zone of resting cartilage – anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis – closest to epiphyses

Question 31

(dead chondrocytes and calcified matrix) – closer to diaphysis

Answer 31

Zone of calcified matrix

Question 32

Large mature chondrocytes

Answer 32

Zone of hypertrophic cartilage

Question 33

(cells divide to replace dying chondrocytes)

Answer 33

Zone of proliferating cartilage

Question 34

anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis – closest to epiphyses

Answer 34

Zone of resting cartilage

Question 35

removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts

Answer 35

Bone Resorption

Question 36

addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts

Answer 36

Bone deposition