Exm 3 (ch 13)

Question 1

cerebrospinal fluid function and produced where

Answer 1

Produced in apendical cells, provides protection

Question 2

The meninges are composed of three layers and surround the entire CNS:

Answer 2

Dura matter, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 3

outer layer, thickest and toughest,
continuous with the epineurium

Answer 3

Dura mater

Question 4

contains interstitial fluid (fluid between cells) within dura mater

Answer 4

Subdural space

Question 5

fluid filled subarachnoid space
between here and the pia mater(fluid is cerebrospinal fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain)

Answer 5

Arachnoid mater

Question 6

covers the spinal cord and is the innermost
layer

Answer 6

Pia mater

Question 7

extension of the pia mater that fuses with arachnoid and inner surface of the dura mater on each side to help suspend the spinal cord and prevent movement

Answer 7

Denticulate ligament

Question 8

blunt inferior end of the cord

Answer 8

Conus medullaris

Question 9

nerves in vertebral canal inferior to
the conus medullaris

Answer 9

Cauda equina

Question 10

extension of the pia mater that
forms a fibrous attachment to the coccyx

Answer 10

Filum terminal

Question 11

nerves of the arms

Answer 11

Cervical enlargement

Question 12

nerves of the legs

Answer 12

Lumbar enlargement

Question 13

CT surrounds the entire nerve

Answer 13

Epuneurium

Question 14

CT surrounds
bundles of nerve
fascicles(axons)

Answer 14

Perineurium

Question 15

individual
nerve fibers (individual
axons)

Answer 15

Endoneurium

Question 16

How does information travel in the spinal cord?

Answer 16

• White matter tracts conduct nerve impulses to and from the brain
• Gray matter receives and integrates incoming and outgoing
information to perform spinal reflexes.

Question 17

groove of the spinal cord on the
anterior side (ventral aspect)

Answer 17

Anterior median fissure

Question 18

dorsal surface of the spinal cord

Answer 18

Posterior median sulcus

Question 19

Outer spinal cord is myelinated ascending and descending
white matter axons
• Bundles of fibers form columns of funiculi

Answer 19

Notes

Question 20

The inner spinal cord is made up of grey matter

Answer 20

Cell bodies of nuerons

Question 21

has cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and is
continuous with the fourth ventricle of the medulla
oblangata in the brain

Answer 21

Central canal

Question 22

Posterior grey horns contain axons of incoming sensory
neurons as well as cell bodies of interneurons

Answer 22

Notes

Question 23

Anterior grey horns contain somatic motor nuclei which
are clusters of cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that
provide nerve impulses

Answer 23

N

Question 24

One neuron carries impulses from
sensory receptors to the CNS

Answer 24

Posterior root

Question 25

Another neuron carries the impulse from the CNS to the effector

Answer 25

Anterior root

Question 26

Some tracts send things to the brain and somethings away to the body 

Answer 26

Ascending and descending tractss

Question 27

Ascending a descending tracts come from what mater

Answer 27

White

Question 28

So above the dura mater of the spinal cord at the region of the ____ above the dura mater of the spinal cord usually between the L3 and L4 vertebrae

Answer 28

Epidural space

Question 29

Sensory and motor

Answer 29

Mixed nerves, which exits intervertebral canals

Question 30

one synapse between a motor neuron and a sensory neuron • All ipsilateral

Answer 30

Monosynaptic

Question 31

more than one synapse • Contains a sensory neuron, an interneuron entirely within the CNS, and a motor neuron

Answer 31

Polysynaptic

Question 32

same side

Answer 32

Ipsilateral

Question 33

opposite side

Answer 33

Contralateral

Question 34

neural circuit simultaneously contracts one muscle and relaxes its antagonists

Answer 34

Reciprocal innervation

Question 35

no function from neck down

Answer 35

C1 to C3

Question 36

allows breathing due to the diaphragm

Answer 36

C4-C5

Question 37

some arm and chest muscle control

Answer 37

C6-C7

Question 38

intact arm function

Answer 38

T1-T3

Question 39

most thigh muscles and can walk with long leg braces

Answer 39

T10-L1

Question 40

most other leg muscles and allows for walking with short leg braces

Answer 40

L1-L2