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A&P > Ch. 16 Senses > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Distribution of the endings of a sensory neuron

(area that a receptor cell gathers information from)

A
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2
Q

a stimulus we are consciously aware of

(must reach cerebral cortex)

A

Sensation

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3
Q

Decreased sensitivity to continuous stimulus

A

Adaptation

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4
Q

show limited adaptation, respond continuously

A

Tonic Receptors

  • like the steady background noise of your body’s awareness system, providing constant updates about your internal state and surroundings.*
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5
Q

Adapt rapidly, only respond to new stimuli

A

Phasic Receptors

Rapid Changes > Duration

ex: Put on Clothes –> you feel them –> Brain Filters out sensation until theres a change

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6
Q

1.What detect stimuli from external environment

2.What detect stimuli from internal organs

3.What detect body and limb movements

A
  1. Exteroceptors
  2. interoceptors
  3. Proprioceptors:
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7
Q

What Type of Receptor

1.detects chemicals dissolved in fluid

2.Detect changes in light intensity, color, movement

A

1.Chemoreceptors
2.Photoreceptors

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8
Q

What Type of Receptor

1.Detects distortion of cell membrane

2.Detects painful stimuli

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors

2.Nociceptors

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9
Q

Tactile Receptors:

Free Nerve Endings
Root Hair Plexuses
Tacticle discs

Unencapsulated receptors or Encapsulated?

A

Unencapsulated receptors

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10
Q

Tactile Receptors:

End (Krause) bulbs l
Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
Bulbous (Ruffini) corpuscles
Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles:

Unencapsulated or Encapsulated?

A

Encapsulated Receptors

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11
Q

Tactile Receptors: Unencapsulated

  1. Pain ,Temperature, light, Touch, pressure

2.Detects hair displacement

3.Respond to light touch

A

1.Free Nerve Endings I
2.Root Hair Plexuses
3.Tactile Discs

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12
Q

Tactile Receptors: Encapsulated

  1. Detect pressure and LOW-frequency vibration
  2. Detect deep pressure, course touch, HIGH-frequency vibration

3.Detect deep pressure and skin distortion

4.Discriminative light touch – allow recognition of texture and shape

A

1.End (Krause) bulbs

2.Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

3.Bulbous (Ruffini) corpuscles:

4.Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles:,

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13
Q

Tactile Receptors: Encapsulated

Krause is also known as the

A

End bulbs

Detect pressure and LOW-frequency vibration,

Krause down low

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14
Q

Tactile Receptors: Encapsulated

Pacinean is also known as the

A

Lamellated corpuscles, (layers)

Detect deep pressure, course touch, HIGH-frequency vibration

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15
Q

Tactile Receptors: Encapsulated

Ruffini is also known as:

A

Bulbous Corpuscles

Detect deep pressure and skin distortion,

Ruffini is Skinny

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16
Q

Tactile Receptors: Encapsulated

(Meissner is also known as ) corpuscles:

A

Tactile Corpuscles

Discriminative light touch – allow recognition of texture and shape

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17
Q

Pain that is perceived as if it originates in the skin and skeletal muscle is known as

A

Referred Pain

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18
Q

2 Examples of Referred Pain

A

Heart Pain reffered to Pectoral Region/ Medial Arm

Kidney/Ureter Pain referred to inferior abdomen

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19
Q

Heart Pain Refers to what

A

Pectoral Region
+
Medial Arm

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20
Q

Detection of odorants dissolved in the air

A

Olfactory

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21
Q

Discriminative light touch – allows recognition of what?

A

Texture and Shape

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22
Q

Olfactory Receptor Cells:

Supporting Cells:

Basal Cells:

A

3 Types of cells in olfactory epithelium

Detect Odor

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23
Q

Type of cell in olfactory epithelium that detect odor

A

Olfactory receptor

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24
Q

Type of cell in olfactory epithelium that sustains the receptor cells

A

Supporting cells

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25
Q

What Nerve Innervates the anterior (2/3rd) Part of Tongue

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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26
Q

What Nerve innervates posterior 1/3rd of Tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

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27
Q

transparent lining of eye and lid surfaces

A

Conjunctiva

28
Q

What covers anterior sclera (white of eye)

ocular or palpebral

A

ocular conjunctiva

29
Q

What covers internal surface of eyelid

A

palpebral conjunctiva

30
Q

What produces, collects and drains fluid

A

Lacrimal apparatus

31
Q

Lacrimal gland: produces fluid and secretes it through ducts

each punctum has a lacrimal canaliculus draining to lacrimal sac
lacrimal sac drains to nasolacrimal duct to nasal cavity

A
32
Q

Tears disperse across the surface of eye and
fluid drains into what?

A

Lacrimal puncta (holes by lacrimal caruncle)

33
Q

After Fluid Drains into into Lacrimal Puncta, it has a lacrimal canaliculus draining to what?

A

Lacrimal Sac

34
Q

Lacrimal sac drains to nasolacrimal duct to what?

A

Nasal Cavity

35
Q

2 Wall is formed by three tunics
Fibrous (external)
Vascular (middle)
Retina (inner)

A
36
Q

3 Eye Walls

Fibrous

Contains : Sclera + Cornea

External, Middle, or Inner?

A

External

FCS

37
Q

Vascular

Contains- Choroid + Ciliary + Iris

External, Middle, or Inner?

A

Middle

VICC

38
Q

Retina

External, Middle, or Inner?

A

Inner

39
Q

What Wall of the Eye contains the Sclera And Cornea?

A

Fibrous (External)

40
Q

Choroid, Ciliary Body, and Iris are in what Eye Wall

A

Vascular (Middle)

41
Q

optic disc
macula lutea

are componenets of what?

A

Componnents of the Retina

42
Q

fovea centralis is in the what?

A

macula lutea

(Apart of the Retina)

43
Q

What has the

-highest proportion of cones

-Area of sharpest vision

A

Fovea Centralis

44
Q

What part of the eye is filled with Crystalline Protein

A

Lens

45
Q

What Humor has transparent gelantinous fluid in posterior cavity (Behind Lens)

A

Vitreous Humor

46
Q

transparent watery fluid in anterior cavity (in front of lens)

A

Aqueous Humor

47
Q

convergence of the eyes:

Accommodation of the lens: ciliary muscle contraction thickens lens

Constriction of the pupil:

NEAR OR FAR?

A

NEAR

48
Q

Eyes face forward (not converged)

Lens is flattened (ciliary muscles relaxed, suspensory ligaments taut)

Pupil is relatively dilated (zoomed)

NEAR OR FAR?

A

FAR

49
Q

What are more numerous

Rods or Cones?

A

Rods

50
Q

What are Activated by Dim Light
+
Contains rhodopsin
?

Cones or Rods?

A

Rods

51
Q

What are concentrated at fovea centralis
+
Activated by Light?

A

Cones

52
Q

light-absorbing molecules

A

Photopigments

53
Q

What contains rhodopsin?

Cones or Rods?

A

Rods

54
Q

Process when light triggers electrical events

A

Phototransduction

55
Q

D or L?: contains cis-retinal

D or L?: causes reconfiguration to trans-retinal, which dissociates from opsin (bleaching)

Dark vs Light?

A

Dark

Light

56
Q

Rods are repolarized in the Dark or Light?

Na+ and Ca2+ enter cell (“the dark current”)

contains cis-retinal

A

Dark

57
Q

Left and Right eyes have overlapping visual fields which allows

A

stereoscopic vision (depth perception)

58
Q

amplify sound waves and transmit them to oval window

A

Auditory Ossicles

59
Q

cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals

A

3 Main Regions of Inner Ear

60
Q

sterocilia are in What?

A

hair cells

61
Q

stereocilia and kinocilia are embedded in what?

A

tectorial membrane

62
Q

base of hair cells synapse with what

A

Sensory Neurons

63
Q

utricle
saccule
are in what?

A

vestibule

64
Q

Cochlear hair cell stimulation

A

When basilar membrane moves up, hair cells are pushed into tectorial membrane and their tips are tilted, pulling tip links

65
Q

What does Pitch depend on?

A

loudness depends on wave amplitude

66
Q

loudness depends on

A

wave amplitude

67
Q

The saccule and utricle detect both stationary position of the head and linear acceleration of the head.

A

A&P (18 decks)

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